2019年高級軟考信息系統項目管理師模擬練習題之專業英語練習

Developing reliable software on time and within (1) represents a difficult endeavor for many organizations.

Usually business solutions have three main aspects:people, (2) , and technology. The main reason for failing software projects has little to do with technology and tools, and much to do with lack of process (3) . Experience has shown that introducing new technology and tools in an immature or undisciplined environment is likely to increase the chaos. CASE tools are not enough. "A fool with a tool is still a fool?"

Structured method was the first wave of the software industry. This was the beginning of transforming software development from a" (4) industry' to mass production. Software process movement if the second wave in the software industry. The process maturity movement prepares the way for the third wave of the software industry: "software industrialization". Software development will become like an assembly and manufacturing process. A critical enabling factor is a disciplined software engineering process with predictable quality, (5) and functionality.

(1) A. forecast B. preparation C. budget D. economy

(2) A. process B. skill C. organization D. interface

(3) A. law B. discipline C. plan D. evaluation

(4) A. college B. family C. workshop D. cottage

(5) A. plan B. schedule C. effort D. product

答案

(1)C (2)A (3)B (4)D (5)B

[分析]

對很多組織來說，在給定的時間和預算范圍內開發可靠的軟件，意味著艱難的努力。

業務解決方案通常有三個方面，分別是人員、過程和技術，軟件項目失敗的主要原因與技術和工具幾乎沒有關系，大部分是因為缺乏過程定義。經驗表明，在一個不成熟或者沒有定義的環境引進新技術和工具，只能是亂上加亂。CASE工具并不意味著一切，正如：“A fool with a tool is till a fool!”。

結構化方法掀起了軟件產業的第一次浪潮，是從作坊式工業(Cottage Industry，家庭手工業)到大規模生產的轉變的開端。軟件過程改進是軟件產業的第二次浪潮，且過程成熟，為軟件產業的第三次浪潮(軟件工業化)鋪平了道路。軟件開發將如裝配和制造過程一般，而要做到這一點，一個重要的因素就是需要一個具有可預測的質量、進度和功能的已定義的軟件工程過程。

Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an (6) technique that allows an organization to determine the actual (7) associated with each product and service produced by the organization without regard to the organizational structure. This chapter explains some of the uses and benefits of Activity Based Costing. We use IDEFO (8) modeling in conjunction with ABC to enable more effective business (9) design decisions.

In order to achieve the major goals of business process improvement, process simplification and improvement, FAA managers need to fully understand the cost, time, and quality of activities performed by employees or machines throughout an entire organization. ABC methods enable (10) to cost out measurements to business simplification and process improvement.

(6) A. computing B. campaigning C. programming D. accounting

(7) A. activity B. quality C. cost D. process

(8) A. activity B. flowchart C. design D. management

(9) A. data B. benefit C. process D. image

(10) A. computers B. managers C. clients D. consumers

答案

(6)D (7)C (8)A (9C (10)B

[分析]

基于活動成本法(Activity Based Costing, ABC)是一門會計技術，可以使組織決定由該組織提供的，與每個產品和服務有聯系的實際成本，而無需考慮組織結構。本章說明了ABC法的一些使用方法和使用ABC的好處。我們使用IDEFO活動建模，與 ABC一起，使業務過程設計決策更有效。

為了達到業務流程改進、過程簡化和改進的主要目的，FAA經理們需要充分理解那些由員工或機器執行的、貫穿整個組織的活動的成本、時間和質量。ABC法能使經理們估算出度量業務簡化和過程改進的成本。

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