漢譯英

中國獨立自主的和平外交政策1

中國堅定不移地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，這一政策的基本目標是維護中國的獨立、主權和領土完整，為中國的改革開放和現代化建設創造一個良好的國際環境，維護世界和平，促進共同發展。其主要內容包括：

1.中國始終奉行獨立自主的原則。對于一切國際事務，都從中國人民和世界人民的根本利益出發，根據事情本身的是非曲直，決定自己的立場和政策，不屈從于任何外來壓力。2中國不同任何大國或國家集團結盟，不搞軍事集團，不參加軍備競賽，不進行軍事擴張。3

2.中國反對霸權主義，維護世界和平。中國認為，國家不分大小、強弱、貧富，都是國際社會的平等一員。4國與國之間應通過協商和平解決彼此的糾紛和爭端，不應訴諸武力或以武力相威脅，不能以任何借口干涉他國內政。5中國從不把自己的社會制度和意識形態強加于人，也決不允許別國把他們的社會制度和意識形態強加于我們。

3.中國積極推動建立公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序。中國認為，新秩序應該體現歷史發展和時代進步的要求，應該反映世界各國人民的普遍愿望和共同利益。和平共處五項原則和其他公認的國際關系準則應該成為建立國際政治經濟新秩序的基礎。

4.中國愿意在互相尊重主權和領土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內政、平等互利、和平共處五項原則的基礎上，同所有國家建立和發展友好合作關系。6積極發展同周邊國家的睦鄰友好關系，是中國外交政策的重要組成部分。7中國同絕大多數鄰國解決了歷史遺留問題，與周邊國家的互利合作蓬勃發展。

加強同廣大發展中國家的團結與合作是中國外交政策的基本立足點。中國與廣大發展中國家有著共同的歷史遭遇，又面臨著維護國家獨立、實現經濟發展的共同目標，合作基礎深厚，前景廣闊。8

中國重視改善和發展同發達國家的關系，主張國與國之間應超越社會制度和意識形態的差異，相互尊重，求同存異，擴大互利合作。對彼此之間的分歧，應在平等與相互尊重的基礎上堅持進行對話，不搞對抗，妥善加以解決。

5.中國實行全方位的對外開放政策，愿在平等互利原則的基礎上，同世界各國和地區廣泛開展貿易往來、經濟技術合作和科學文化交流，促進共同繁榮。截至2001年，中國批準外商投資企業39萬家，合同外資金額7459億美元，實際利用外資金額3955億美元。

2001年，中國進出口貿易總額達5098億美元，居世界第6位。

經過15年的談判.中國終于在2001年12月11日加人世界貿易組織。除享受相關權利外，中國已開始切實履行WTO體制，促進世界的繁榮與進步發揮積極作用。

世界經濟是一個相互聯系、相互依存的整體。經濟全球化給各國經濟發展帶來了機遇，也帶來了巨大的風險。維護金融穩定、防范金融危機、確保經濟安全是各國政府面臨的共同挑戰。9

6.中國積極參與多邊外交活動，是維護世界和平和地區穩定的堅定力量。

中國是安理會的常任理事國，積極參與政治解決地區熱點問題。中國派出了維和人員參與聯合國的維和行動。中國支持聯合國的改革，支持聯合國等多邊機構在國際事務中繼續發揮重要作用。中國堅決反對一切形式的恐怖主義，為國際反恐合作做出重要貢獻。10

中國積極致力于推進國際軍控、裁軍與防擴散事業。迄今為止，中國已加入了所有國際軍控與防擴散條約。在防擴散方面，中國一貫嚴格履行所承擔的國際義務，積極致力于中國防擴散機制的法制化建設，已建立起一個相當完備的防擴散出口控制體系。

中國政府一向重視人權并為此做出了不懈的努力。中國已加入了包括《經濟、社會及文化權利國際公約》在內的18項人權公約，并已簽署了《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》。

中國愿與國際社會一道，加強合作，共同對付人類發展面臨的環境惡化、資源匱乏、貧困失業、人口膨脹、疾病流行、毒品泛濫、國際犯罪活動猖獗等全球性問題。

詞匯

1.獨立自主的和平外交政策independent foreign policy of peace

2.結盟form an alliance with

3.軍備競賽arms race

4.霸權主義hegemonism

5.內政internal affairs

6.意識形態ideology

7.和平共處peaceful coexistence

8.歷史遺留問題problems left over by history

9.全方位all dimensional

10.安理會Security Council of the United

Nations

11.(安理會)常任理事國permanent member ( of the Security Council of the United Nations)

12.軍控arms control

13.裁軍disarmament

14.防擴散non-proliferation

注釋

1.本文屬外交文書，涉及國家的政治立場、觀點和態度。翻譯時要求概念準確，措辭嚴謹，層次分明。對于國際上通用的外交術語，必須按照既定的譯法來翻譯。一些常用的政治術語還需按照統一的譯法來譯。外交文體對語義輕重、褒貶都十分講究，不可擅自改譯。

2.本句中主干結構為“(中國)決定自己的立場和政策”，屬主要信息，可譯為主句;其余部分為次要信息，可做分詞短語、介詞短語來處理。

3.本句是典型的漢語句，重復的否定副詞和句式結構用以表達強調的意義。翻譯時，可首先分清否定并列層次，按照英語表達習慣，借助否定副詞nor來承接上句中表達的否定意義。

4.本句中“國家不分大小、強弱、貧富”表達的是選擇性并列關系，可以譯作all countries.big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor.

5.本句含有兩層意義，屬并列關系，翻譯時可以根據其意義邏輯關系，譯作兩句，后一句是對前一句否定的承接，因而使用英語中的否定副詞nor來傳遞其交際信息功能。

6.本句中的“和平共處共處五項原則”是由五個動賓詞組表示的，在翻譯成英語時須進行詞類轉換，譯作五個名詞詞組，即mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity，mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit，and peaceful coexistence.這個譯文是我國統一的約定俗成的譯法，不得有任何縮減、添加或改動。

7.本句的譯法可以借助英語句型It is+n.+to do something，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式短語。

8.本句中前三個和后兩個分句之間隱含著因果關系，翻譯時須根據英語的行文習慣添加必要的關聯詞therefore。同時，句中“有著共同的歷史遭遇，又面臨著維護國家獨立、實現經濟發展的共同目標”屬并列關系，故用and連接。漢語中意合句多，不強調形式上的完整，只要不妨礙意義的表達，即可省去形式上的東西;英語形合句多，注重把各種邏輯關系用相應的語言形式表達出來，所以在漢譯英時往往需要增補必要的關聯詞。

9.本句中“維護金融穩定、防范金融危機、確保經濟安全”為三個動賓詞組的并列，譯成英語時，可根據它們的習慣搭配，譯作preserve financial stability，prevent financial crisis and ensure economic security，是英語的平行結構(parallelism)。

10.本文是外交文書，屬正式文體，為了加強語氣，同時為了避免產生歧義或誤解，本段中重復詞語也應在譯文中重復使用，而不宜省略或代替。例如：“拉丁美洲各囤人民在支持你們，亞洲人民在支持你們，非洲人民在支持你們，世界各國人民在支持你們。”You enjoy the support of all the other people of Latin America, the support of all the people of Asia, the support of all the people of Africa, and the support of the people of the whole world.本句中前后兩部分屬并列關系，故用and連接，第一部分的主干是“中國加入了18項公約”，其余部分為附帶的細節成分，可以使用介詞including來連接。

參考譯文

China's Independent Foreign Policy of Peace

China unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. The fundamental goals of this policy are to safeguard China's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, create a favorable international environment for China's reform and opening up and modernization construction, maintain world peace and propel common development. The main content of this policy includes:

1.China has all along adhered to the principle of independence. With regard to all international affairs, China will, proceeding from the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of the world, determine its stand and policy in the light of the merits and demerits of the matter, without yielding to any outside pressure. China does not form an alliance with any big power or group of big powers. Nor does China establish military blocs with other countries, or engage in arms race and military expansion.

2.China opposes hegemonism and safeguard world peace. China believes that all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community.

Countries should resolve their disputes and conflicts peacefully through consultations and not resort to the use or threat of force. Nor should they interfere in others' internal affairs under any pretext.

China never imposes its social system and ideology on others, nor allows other countries to impose theirs on it.

3.China actively facilitates the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational. China holds that the new order should give expression to the demands of the development of history and progress of the times and reflect the universal aspirations and common interests of the peoples of all countries. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the universally recognized norms governing international relations should serve as the basis for setting up the new international political and economic order.

4.China is ready to establish and develop friendly relations of cooperation with all countries on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non- interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.

It is an important component of China's foreign policy to actively develop good-neighborly relations and friendship with surrounding countries. China has resolved problems left over by history with the overwhelming majority of neighboring countries, and has witnessed a vigorous development of mutually beneficial cooperation with its neighbors.

It is the fundamental standing point of China's foreign policy to strengthen its solidarity and cooperation with developing countries. China and these countries share common historic experiences and are faced with common tasks of safeguarding national independence and achieving economic development. Therefore, their cooperation has a solid foundation and a broad prospect.

China sets store by improving and developing its relations with developed countries. It advocates that countries should surmount their differences in social system and ideology, respect one another, seek common ground and shelve differences and enhance their mutually beneficial cooperation. Their disputes should be appropriately solved through dialogue on the basis of equality and mutual respect, instead of confrontation.

5.China pursues a policy of all-dimensional opening up to the outside. It is ready to develop, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, extensive trade relations, economic and technological cooperation and scientific and cultural exchanges with countries and regions of the world so as to promote common prosperity. By the end of 2001, China had approved 390,000 0verseas-funded enterprises with 745.9 billion dollars of contractual capital and 395.5 billion dollars of used capital. In 2001, China's import and export volume amounted to 509.8 billion dollars, ranking sixth in the world.

After 15 years' talks, China finally acceded to the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001.While enjoying relevant rights, China has begun earnestly honoring its obligations within the framework of the WTO and its commitments, and promoting prosperity and progress in the world.

The world economy is an inter-connected and inter-dependent whole. Economic globalization has brought both opportunities and big risks for the economies of various countries. It is a common challenge confronting the governments of all the countries to preserve financial stability, prevent financial crisis and ensure economic security.

6.China takes an active part in multilateral diplomatic activities and is a staunch force in preserving world peace and regional stability.

As a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations, China actively participates in the political solution of the problems of regional hot spots. China's peace-keepers have joined United Nations peace-keeping operations. China supports the reform of the United Nations and a continued important role of the United Nations and other multilateral organs in international affairs. China is firmly opposed to all forms of terrorism and has made important contributions to international anti-terrorism cooperation.

China devotes itself actively to pushing forward the cause of international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. To date, China has joined all treaties related to international arms control and non-proliferation. With regard to non-proliferation, China has all along scrupulously abided by its international obligations and, thanks to its active efforts in enacting laws on non-proliferation, set up a relatively perfect export control system for non-proliferation.

The Chinese government has attached importance to human rights and made unremitting efforts in this regard. China has joined 18 human rights conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

China remains ready, together with the international community, to enhance cooperation to address global problems facing mankind including worsening environment, resources scarcity, poverty and unemployment, population explosion, diseases and narcotics spreading, and rampant transnational crimes.

練習

1.國際安全合作在維護地區和世界和平與安全方面發揮著日益重要的作用。

2.建立國際政治經濟新秩序，應該反映世界各國人民的普遍愿望和其同利益，應該體現歷

史發展和時代進步的要求。

3.中國始終是維護世界和平與地區穩定的堅定力量。

4.所有國家不論強弱、貧富都是國際社會平等的一員，都有平等參與世界事務的權利。

5.各國的事情要由各國人民做主，國際上的事情要由各國平等協商，全球性的挑戰要由各

國合作應對。

6.尊重各國國情、求同存異。每個國家都有權獨立自主地選擇自己的社會制度與發展道路。

7.應該站在時代發展和人類進步的高度，以合作謀和平，以合作促發展，努力擴大各國利

益的匯合點，尋求互利共贏。

8.氣候變化問題，從根本上說是發展問題，應該在可持續發展框架內綜合解決。

9.當今世界仍然存在諸多不和諧不穩定的因素。

10.我們應該共同促進多邊主義和國際關系民主化，增強發展中國家在國際事務中的參與權

和決策權，為發展中國家發展爭取有利外部環境。

答案

1. International security cooperation is playing an increasingly important role in maintaining world and regional peace and stability.

2. The establishment of a new international political and economic order should give expression to the universal aspiration and common interests of all the peoples in the world and reflects the demand of historical development and the progress of the era.

3. China is always a staunch force for world peace and regional stability.

4. Every country, strong or weak, rich or poor, is an equal member of the international community and has the right to equal participation in international affairs.

5. The affairs of each country should be left to the people of that country to decide, and world affairs should be determined by all countries concerned through consultations on the basis of equality, and global challenges should be dealt with through international collaboration.

6. To respect the national conditions of various countries and seek common ground while shelving differences. Each country has the right to choose its own social system and road to development independently.

7. We must secure peace and promote development through cooperation in the interest of progressing times and human advancement and seek mutual benefit and win-win results by earnestly expanding the convergence of interests of all countries.

8. Climate change is, in essence, an issue about development and should be addressed in a comprehensive way in the context of sustainable development.

9. The world is still fraught with discord and instability.

10. We should work together to promote multilateralism and democracy in international relations, enhance the right of developing countries to participation and decision-making in international affairs and strive for more favorable external conditions for the growth of developing countries.