漢譯英

WTO圓了中國家庭的買車夢

新年伊始，在中國加入WTO不久，中國制造的汽車——大部分是那些經(jīng)濟型，還有一些中、高級車輛的價格大幅下降，規(guī)模前所未有，降幅達到6%至近20%。2價格下降的原因是中國加入WTO后，將開放汽車市場。到2006年，進口汽車的關稅將從80% -100%降至25%;而進口汽車部件的關稅將降至10%。3盡管這是一個漸進的過程，但是國產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟型、中級汽車降價是必要的，因為進口汽車會全面降價，有的幅度高達30%，這就意味著進口汽車的數(shù)量會增加，有些價格會與國產(chǎn)汽車價位相當。所以，降價勢在必行。

中國汽車制造商正在實施價格戰(zhàn)略以增加銷售額，以彌補由削價造成的損失。+這是占有市場份額，保證長期利潤的唯一辦法。我國政府歷來非常重視汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展。自1949年中華人民共和國成立以來，為了將汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展成為民族工業(yè)，政府對汽車工業(yè)給予高度保護。然而，事與愿違，在諸多汽車企業(yè)中，上規(guī)模的為數(shù)不多。5 1982年，共有2500多家汽車及汽車部件生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，但其年產(chǎn)量還不及一家日本、美國或歐洲汽車制造商一個班次的生產(chǎn)量。

20世紀80年代中期以來，在對外投資優(yōu)惠政策的鼓勵下，國際大型汽車制造企業(yè)。如大眾、通用、福特、豐田、雪鐵龍、菲亞特等紛紛在中國建立合資企業(yè)，這表明中國汽車工業(yè)前景廣闊。7自20世紀90年代中、后期以來，在激烈競爭的激勵下，為適應中國市場的需求，各家合資企業(yè)都開發(fā)了經(jīng)濟型車生產(chǎn)線，同時加強了生產(chǎn)的本土化。8然而，迄今為止，中國還未形成自己的汽車工業(yè)，在眾多的汽車生產(chǎn)廠家中，沒有任何一家具有國際競爭力。

隨著中國加入WTO，國內(nèi)市場面臨著巨大挑戰(zhàn)，大幅削價僅僅是挑戰(zhàn)之一。9只有通過激烈競爭才能打造出強勢企業(yè)，中國的汽車工業(yè)才能發(fā)展壯大。

由于汽車是可替代消費品，其價格就是銷售中的一個關鍵因素并對未來消費者影響巨大。這一點在911恐怖襲擊事件后表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯，當時在美國市場總體蕭條的情況下，只有汽車工業(yè)依然保持其一派繁榮。其原因在于優(yōu)惠政策的實施，比如削價和無息貸款。在中國削價使數(shù)家品牌的汽車銷售一空。中國目前的發(fā)展趨勢是擁有私車，然而，對于大部分老百姓而言，這只是一個夢，因為高昂的價格是難以解決的問題。此外，消費信貸服務還處在起步階段，其規(guī)模有限，條件嚴格。只有10%的汽車是貨款購買的，這一比例遠遠低于發(fā)達國家。隨著中國加入WTO，國外金融機構現(xiàn)在已正式獲準開辦汽車消費信貸服務，即將由中央銀行出臺的相關條例將有助于逐步改善國內(nèi)汽車消費信貸服務，給國人以更多的選擇。

削價只是我國汽車工業(yè)調(diào)整的開始。隨著申國加入WTO，汽車工業(yè)無疑將得到振興。12汽車工業(yè)將成為我國的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，國內(nèi)汽車生產(chǎn)商能夠提高其核心競爭力并打造世界知名品牌。13更重要的是，在激烈競爭下，家庭擁有汽車對于我國老百姓來講將不再是一個夢想。

詞匯.

1.關稅tariff

2.部件spare part

3.勢在必行imperative

4.市場份額market share

5.優(yōu)惠政策preferential policy

6.本土化localization

7.可替代replaceable

8.恐怖襲擊terrorist attack

9.無息貸款loans without interest

10.信貸credit

11.核心競爭力core competitive power

注釋

1.WTO圓了中國家庭的買車夢：在這里“圓……夢”的意義是實現(xiàn)、滿足了夢想，英語中動詞fulfil -詞可以表達這一語義，因而可以譯作WTO fulfils the Chinese people's dream of a family car。再如：“滿足愿望/實現(xiàn)……希望/滿足需要”：fulfil a desire/hope/need。

2.本句中主干結構是“價格大幅下降”，其余為附加成分，可以做定語或狀語處理。句中“大幅下降”可以譯為plummet，如：House prices have plummeted in this area.此地房價大跌。

3.本句中第二部分重復“關稅”一詞，這是漢語的特點，但是英語通常需要用其他詞替代，這里用了代詞that來替代關稅tariff。

4.本句中前一分句的“實施價格戰(zhàn)略以增加銷售額”可以譯成定語從句employing price strategies that will increase sales volume。后一分句中“由削價造成的損失”可以借助于英語過去分詞做后置定語的功能，譯作losses caused by price reductions，這樣句子結構緊湊，意義明了，行文流暢。

5.本句中“事與愿違”根據(jù)具體語境可譯作things did not develop as rapidly as was hoped“為數(shù)不多”，可用不定代詞few -詞即可;由于本句表達了兩層意義，因此，可拆譯成兩句。

6.國際汽車制造大型企業(yè)：根據(jù)這里的具體語境，可譯作international auto giants，如：跨國大石油公司：multinational oil giants。

7.本句看似很長，其實并不復雜，其主干“國際大型汽車制造企業(yè)如大眾、通用、福特、豐田、雪鐵龍、菲亞特等在中國建立合資企業(yè)”，可以譯成主句，前面的“20世紀80年代中期以來，在中國對外投資優(yōu)惠政策的鼓勵下”可譯作狀語，而后面的“這表明中國汽車工業(yè)前景廣闊”則可用定語從句which indicates good prospects for our auto industry或用現(xiàn)在分詞短語indicating good prospects for our auto industry處理。這樣句子結構清晰，意義準確，符合英語表達習慣。

8.本句中“大幅削價”是國內(nèi)市場面對的眾多挑戰(zhàn)之一，故本句可譯為：the domestic market faces huge challenges, of which substantial price reductions are just oneo9.本句看似結構復雜，但如果我們能搞清其結構就不難翻譯。“911恐怖襲擊事件”與其后時間銜接很緊，可合并做定語從句處理;句中“在美國市場總體蕭條的情況下”可以譯作狀語within the generally depressed state of the American market，“只有汽車工業(yè)依然保持其一派繁榮”，可以用以代詞it為形式主語的強調(diào)句，譯作：it was only the auto industry that was able to maintain its prosperity。

10.消費信貸服務：可以譯作the consumption credit service。

11.振興：通常譯作“revitalize”。但是“振興中華”中的“振興”則通常譯為rejuvenate( the Chinese nation)，因為這個詞組含有“使中華民族重新煥發(fā)青春”之意。總之，這個詞語在譯法要根據(jù)具體語境而定。請體會：大力振興農(nóng)業(yè)vigorously develop agriculture振興社會主義道德promote socialist morality振興旅游事業(yè)promote tourism振興地方經(jīng)濟invigorate local economy

12.打造世界知名品牌：可以譯作“formulate world famous brands”。

參考譯文

WTO Fulfills the Chinese People's Dream of a Family Car

At the beginning of the New Year, shortly after China joined the WTO, the prices of Chinese made cars - mostly those in the economy range, but also including some middle and high-grade cars, plummeted on an unprecedented scale, from 6 percent to nearly 20 percent. The main reason for this is that the Chinese car market is expected to open after China's WTO entry. Through till 2006, the 80 to 100 percent tariff on imported cars will be reduced to 25 percent, and that on the import of spare parts will decrease to 10 percent. Although this is an evolutionary process, prices of Chinese made economy and middle-range cars have been reduced as a matter of necessity, as those of imported cars have decreased in an all-round way, some to a level of 30 percent. This means an increasing number of cars will be imported, and some will be the same price as Chinese made cars. Price reduction is therefore imperative.

Chinese auto makers are employing price strategies that will increase sales volume, and make up for losses caused by price reductions. This is the only way they can seize a greater market share, and guarantee their long-term profits. Our government has always attached great importance to the development of the auto industry. Since the founding of the PRC in 194.9, and in order to make it into a national industry, the government has granted the auto industry a high degree of protection. However, things did not develop as rapidly as was hoped. Few of China's numerous auto enterprises are of a large scale. In 1982, there were over 2,500 auto and spare parts manufacturers, but their total annual output was less than the single shift output of an average Japanese, American or European auto-manufacturer.

Since the mid-1980s, spurred on by the preferential policies for foreign investment, international auto giants, such as Volkswagen, GM, Ford, Toyota, PSA Peugeot-Citroen and Fiat, have established joint ventures in China, indicating good prospects for our auto industry.

Since the middle and latter part of the 1990s, stimulated by fierce competition, various auto joint ventures have developed a line in economy cars to suit the Chinese market, and have meanwhile enhanced production localization. However, to date, we have still not formulated our own auto industry, as of the numerous Chinese auto manufacturers, not one has internationally competitive power. With China's WTO entry, the domestic market faces huge challenges, of which substantial price reductions are just one. It is only through fierce competition that a powerful enterpri.se can be forged, and that the Chinese auto industry can grow up.

As cars are easily replaceable products, their price is a key selling factor, and has the greatest influence on prospective buyers. This is evident from the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attack, when it was only the auto industry, within the generally depressed state of the American market that was able to maintain its prosperity. The reason for this was the application of preferential policies, such as price reductions and loans without interest. In China, price reductions have resulted in several brands of cars being completely sold out. The current trend in China is to own a family car, but for most ordinary people, this is just a dream, as its high price presents an insurmountable problem. In addition, the consumption credit service is in its initial stage: its scale is limited, and stringent requirements must be met. Consequently, only 10 percent of cars are bought on credit - a far lower level than that of developed countries. With China's WTO entry, foreign financial institutions now have official sanction to develop car consumption credit services, and relevant regulations will be formulated by the Central Bank that will lead to a gradual improvement in the domestic car consumption credit market, and provide our people with more choices.

Price reductions mark only the beginning of the adjustments for our auto industry. With China's WTO entry, its auto industry will undoubtedly be revitalized. The auto industry will become pillar industry in China, and domestic auto manufacturers can improve their core competitive power and formulate world famous brands. Still more important, as a result of such stiff competition, the prospect of a family car will cease to be a dream for the Chinese man-in-the- street.

練習

1.汽車工業(yè)是中國未來發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。

2.開放的中國將為外國企業(yè)提供更廣闊的市場和更多的商機。

3.根據(jù)國家能源安全和石油工業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的客觀要求，中國石油企業(yè)正積極進行海外投資，參與國際石油市場競爭。

4.中國政府制定一系列政策和條例來鼓勵支持鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的發(fā)展。

5.面對困難，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)應當開發(fā)高科技、有利于環(huán)保的產(chǎn)業(yè)來走出困境。

6.2008年上半年中國汽車產(chǎn)銷保持較快增長，增幅則呈溫和回落態(tài)勢。

7.中國加入世貿(mào)組織將對國內(nèi)汽車制造業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大積極影響。

8.進口的減少將造成關稅以及其它從國外進口的與汽車相關產(chǎn)品的稅收的顯著下降。

9.鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的繁榮導致丁小城鎮(zhèn)的迅速發(fā)展，越來越多的農(nóng)民搬遷到小城鎮(zhèn)從事服務業(yè)和制造業(yè)。

10.中國的煤炭儲備大于其它國家，但其出口占全球市場的份額很小。

答案

1.Automobile industry is one of the pillar industries that China aims to develop in future.

2.An open China will provide overseas enterprises with an even wider market and more business opportunities.

3.According to the objective demand of national energy security and sustainable development of petroleum industry, Chinese petroleum enterprises are making overseas investments and participating in the competition of global market.

4.The Chinese government has worked out a series of policies and regulations to encourage and support the development of rural enterprises.

5.In the face of the difficulties, township firms should develop more in high-tech and environment friendly industries to find their way out.

6.In the first half of 2008, China's automobile production and sales maintained fast growth while the speed declined modestly.

7.China's WTO entry will have a good deal of positive influence on domestic automotive industry.

8.The decrease in imports will lead to a significant drop in customs taxes and other taxes on automobile-related products imported.

9.The prosperity of rural industry has also resulted in a boom of small towns. More and more farmers are moving into towns for new jobs in service and manufacturing sectors.

10.China has more coal reserves than any other country, but its exports only account for a small percentage of the global market.