Drive to Curb Salt Intake Should Focus on China: Study

您每天吃多少鹽?研究稱中國人食鹽攝入量嚴重超標

Salt consumption exceeds national and World Health Organization guidelines in most countries, but only the highest-sodium diets, such as in China, are linked to clear health risks, researchers said.

大多數國家居民的鹽攝入量都超過了國家和世界衛生組織指導量，不過研究人員表示，只有鈉含量非常高的飲食——例如中餐，明確與健康風險有關。

Only individuals with a daily salt intake of at least 12.5 grams – about two-and-a-half teaspoons – were associated with increased blood pressure and a greater risk of stroke, they reported in The Lancet, a medical journal.

研究發現，只有每日鹽攝入量達到12.5克(約兩茶勺半)以上的個體才伴有血壓增高、中風可能性加大的危險。該研究結果發表在醫學刊物《柳葉刀》上。

WHO recommends capping salt consumption at five grams per day, but this target is not known to have been achieved at a national level anywhere in the world, the survey of more than 90,000 people spread across 300 distinct communities in 18 countries found.

調查發現，盡管世衛組織建議每日鹽攝入量不超過5克，但目前世界上還沒有哪個國家能達到這一目標。超過9萬人參與了這項調查，他們來自18個國家的300個不同社區。

“We should be far more concerned about targeting communities and countries with high average sodium intake – above five grams (equivalent to 12.5 grams of salt), such as China – and bringing them down to the moderate range” of 7.5 to 12.5 grams of salt, said lead author Andre Mente, a professor in the Population Health Research Institute at McMaster University in Canada.

研究報告的主要作者、加拿大麥克馬斯特大學人口健康研究所的安德烈·門特教授說：“我們應該更加關注平均鈉攝入量高的團體和國家，即日均鈉攝入量超過5克(相當于12.5克鹽)的國家，比如中國，應將他們的攝入量降至適當范圍內，即日均攝入7.5克至12.5克食鹽。”

One gram of sodium equals 2.5 grams of salt.

1克鈉相當于2.5克食鹽。

Four-fifths of the groups examined in China had average daily salt intake of 12.5 grams, whereas in other countries 84 percent ingested between 7.5 and 12.5 grams.

在參與調查的中國人中，有五分之四日均鹽攝入量為12.5克，而其他國家84%的人日均鹽攝入量在7.5克至12.5克之間。

“Our study adds to growing evidence that, at moderate intake, sodium may have a beneficial role in cardiovascular heath, but a potentially more harmful role when intake is very high or very low,” he said in a statement.

安德烈·門特在聲明中表示：“我們的研究進一步證明，在適量攝入的情況下，鈉對心血管健康有利，但是如果攝入量極高或極低的話，可能存在更為有害的影響。”

The human body needs essential nutrients such as sodium and many vitamins, but the ideal amount remains subject to debate.

人體需要鈉和多種維生素等必要營養物質，但這些物質的理想攝入量還沒有定論。

Most controversial was the suggestion that low sodium intake may, in fact, provoke heart disease.

研究認為，低鈉攝入量實際上會引發心臟疾病，大多數爭議也正集中于此。

“There are no known mechanisms that could explain this observation,” commented Tom Sanders, professor emeritus of nutrition and dietetics at King’s College London.

他補充說，還是要建議老年人控制鹽攝入量。

倫敦大學國王學院營養學和飲食學榮譽教授湯姆·桑德斯評論稱：“現有機制無法解釋這種觀察現象。”

“Sodium is an essential nutrient but the requirement is very low at about 0.5 grams (1.25 grams of salt) per day.”

“鈉是一種必要營養成分，但是需求量非常低，每天約0.5克(相當于1.25克食鹽)。”

Ageing populations, he added, should still be advised to restrict the addition of salt to food.

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