You've temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to tryto find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone- it's always in your hand, yourpocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment's notice. Whennew models come out, you feel bad about saying goodbye to your electronic pal. Andwhen your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is runninglow as well. New research shows that there's a psychological reason for suchextreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory perspective, forsome of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to inchildhood.

Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with the major figuresresponsible for our well-being, namely parents or other caregivers, are at the root ofour connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly;attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example,serve as what the attachment theorist D W. Winnicott calls "transitional objects." Theteddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. When children can't be with their

parents, they can still be with their teddy bear. These stuffed animals also serve as atransition between dependence and independence when young children begin todevelop a separate sense of self. We extend our dependence on caregivers to theseanimals, and use them to help us move to greater autonomy and an independentsense of self.

A cell phone has the potential to be a "compensatory attachment" object. Althoughphones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence thatsupports the idea that "healthy, well functioning adults also report significantemotional attachment to special objects”.

Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cellphone subscriptions exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amountof mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 33 hours per day; young adults (ages 18to 24) report 5.2 hours on an average day. People also like to be near their phones: A2013 survey reports that 79 percent of users keep their phones with them for all buttwo of their waking hours. Nearly as many people report being distressed whenthey're separated from their phone.考生如果怕自己錯過考試報名時間和考試時間的話，可以 免費預約短信提醒，屆時會以短信的方式提醒大家報名和考試時間。

【參考譯文】你有過這種經歷嗎?手機- -時放錯了地方,忘了在哪,急急忙忙返回尋找;手機從不離身，總是握在手里,揣在兜里或者放在包里,時刻準備回復消息，查找內容。一 整天過去了, -旦發現手機沒電,簡直覺得自己也要沒電了。最新研究揭示了極端“手機依賴癥”背后的心理動因:根據依戀理論,手機簡直成了我們大多數人小時候戀戀不舍的泰迪熊。

依戀理論認為,兒童自幼是否在父母的呵護下健康成長,這種相處體驗構成了其日后與其他成年人建立親密關系的基礎。更為重要的是,幼年的依戀心理,還可能轉移到物體上去,泰迪熊就是一個典型例子。泰迪熊與父母的區別在于,它會一直在陪你身邊。兒童把對父母的依賴心理延伸到毛絨玩具身上,由此建立起自我獨立意識。

手機也可能成為這種“依戀替代品”。盡管手機經常因為致人上癮而備受詬病,科學家還是援引了相關證據來支持這樣一種觀點:“身心健康的正常成年人也會對特殊物品產生強烈的情感依戀”。

毫無疑問,手機在生活中無處不在:全球手機用戶數量已超過全球總人口。美國人平均每天使用移動電話或智能手機的時間為3.3小時。手機的優點顯而易見:可以隨身攜帶,還能方便與自己關心的人保持聯系。就算無法與朋友、戀人、家人直接通話，至少手機里的照片、短信能讓你覺得他們近在咫尺。你也可以關注他們的社交媒體賬號,不僅能實時了解其狀態,還能回顧過去與之相處的難忘瞬間。所有這些,都足以讓你“不那么孤單”。

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