駐瑞典大使桂從友接受瑞《今日工業報》記者奧蘭德專訪

Ambassador Gui Congyou Gives an Exclusive Interview to Dagens Industri Chief Editor Arvid Åhlund

2019年7月3日

3 July 2019

問：從日前的二十國集團領導人大阪峰會開始，中美貿易戰開始停戰，美方表示不再對中國出口產品加征新的關稅。但目前看情況并沒有太大變化。外界如何相信重啟的中美經貿磋商能取得積極進展?

Q: Since the beginning of the 2019 G20 Osaka Summit, the China-US trade war has seen a truce, and the US side said it would not impose new tariffs on Chinese exports. But at present, given that the conditions did not really change, why can we expect positive progress in the resumed China-US trade talks?

答：首先，中方堅決反對打貿易戰。美國單方面對包括中國在內的世界主要經濟體發起貿易戰，損人害己。我們的態度一直是談判的大門始終敞開，愿同美方繼續磋商。但如果美方堅持要打，我們奉陪到底。二十國集團領導人大阪峰會召開前夕，特朗普總統提出希在峰會期間同習近平主席會晤。兩國元首達成重要共識，即在平等和相互尊重基礎上重啟經貿磋商，美方不再對中國出口產品加征新的關稅?？忌绻伦约哄e過考試報名時間和考試時間的話，可以 免費預約短信提醒，屆時會以短信的方式提醒大家報名和考試時間。

Ambassador Gui: First of all, China is firmly opposed to the trade war. The US unilaterally launched trade war against the world’s major economies, including China, which damages the interests of others and itself. Our position has always been that the door to negotiation is open and we are willing to continue consultations with the US. But if the US insists on fighting a trade war, we will fight to the end. On the eve of the G20 summit in Osaka, President Trump proposed to meet with President Xi Jinping during the summit. The two presidents reached an important agreement that the trade consultations should be resumed on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and the US will no longer impose new tariffs on Chinese exports.

問：中國官方表示，貿易戰是特朗普總統單方面發起的。但特朗普稱，中國對美出口是美國對華出口的5倍，兩國貿易條件長期不平等。這是事實嗎?特朗普說的對嗎?

Q: The Chinese official version is that the trade war was initiated unilaterally by President Trump. However, Trump said that China’s exports to the US are five times that of US exports to China, and the terms of trade between the two countries have long been unequal. Is this true? Is Trump right?

答：中美經貿合作的本質是互利雙贏，是市場行為。中美經貿合作是互補的。美國進口商從中國買什么、中國出口商向美國賣什么，這完全是企業主體的自主市場行為。中國政府不能違背市場原則，指示中國商家拒絕進口美國出口商的產品，或是指示中國出口商不向美國出口商品。如果特朗普總統認為美國向中國出口少了，導致中國貿易順差，那就請為美國企業更多向中國出口創造條件。

Ambassador Gui: The China-US economic and trade cooperation, in essence, is mutual beneficial and win-win, and is based on market. China-US economic and trade cooperation is mutually complementary. What American importers buy from China and what Chinese exporters sell to the US is entirely independent market behavior by the companies. The Chinese government cannot violate market principles by instructing Chinese companies to refuse to import products from US exporters, or instructing Chinese exporters not to sell goods to the United States. If President Trump believes that China has a surplus because the United States does not sell enough to China, then please create conditions for US companies to sell more to China.

問：中美貿易戰有著更大的背景。早在貿易戰爆發前，特朗普政府就將中國列為戰略競爭對手，這是美對華政策的重大轉變，美國會的對華態度更加鷹派，美國商界也逐漸認同這一看法。美國甚至威脅要對全部中國輸美商品加征25%的關稅。中國官方媒體《中國日報》曾發文稱，美國發動貿易戰只是表象，其真正目的是想全方位遏制中國發展。大使先生對此怎么看?

Q: The China-US trade war took place in a broader backdrop. Before the trade war, the Trump administration already listed China as a strategic competitor, marking a major change in the US policy toward China. The US congress is more hawkish toward China, and the American business community is also on board. The United States even threatened to impose 25% tariff on all Chinese exports to the United States. China’s official media, China Daily, said in an article that the United States is not just after trade, but its real purpose is to contain China’s development in all its aspects. What do you think about this?

答：我們看待國際關系，一條基本原則是冷戰已經結束，國與國關系不應再是零和游戲。中國奉行對外開放政策，主張合作共贏。中方愿同世界各國發展友好合作關系，通過合作更好地實現共同發展。中國有近14億人口，占全球總人口的五分之一。中國發展得好，世界才能發展得好。我們堅定不移奉行和平發展理念，不把任何國家定為競爭對手。美國有人把中國定為戰略競爭對手，是冷戰思維的表現。試圖通過限制其他國家發展來實現自己的發展，行不通。解決中美貿易關系中存在的問題，只能通過對話磋商，實現合作共贏。磋商必須是平等的，合理解決彼此關切，不是單方面解決美方關切，不是美國單贏，而要雙贏，而且要給世界各國帶來利益，實現世界共贏。

Ambassador Gui: When we look at international relations, a basic principle is that the cold war is over and that state-to-state relations should no longer be zero-sum games. China is committed to an open policy of win-win cooperation. The Chinese side is willing to develop friendly and cooperative relations with all countries in the world and better achieve common development through cooperation. China has a population of nearly 1.4 billion, accounting for one-fifth of the world’s total population. The world cannot achieve good development without the good development of China. We are firmly committed to peaceful development and do not regard any country as a strategic competitor. The fact that some people in the US define China as a strategic competitor is a manifestation of their Cold War mentality. Trying to achieve one’s own development by limiting the development of other countries will not work. The only way to solve the problems existing in China-US trade relations is to have dialogue and consultation to achieve win-win cooperation. The consultations must be equal-footed and reasonably address the concerns of both parties, instead of only addressing the concerns of the US. It should not only be a win for the United States, but win-win outcomes for both sides, and it needs to bring benefits to other countries of the world.

問：大使先生說得有道理。中美經貿磋商中，中方的紅線在哪里?有什么條款是中方完全不能接受的?

Q: What Mr. Ambassador said that makes sense. In the China-US trade consultations, where is China’s red line? What clauses are absolutely unacceptable to China?

答：中美經貿磋商必須基于平等和相互尊重，實現中美雙贏并給世界帶來好處。中國決不會接受損害自身主權等核心利益和國家尊嚴的任何貿易條款。

Ambassador Gui: China-US trade consultations must be based on equality and mutual respect, achieve win-win outcomes for both China and the United States, and bring benefits to the rest of the world. China will never accept any terms that undermine its core interests and national dignity.

問：中美貿易戰已經持續一段時間了，或許還會繼續下去。在此背景下，中歐貿易關系對中國意味著什么?歐洲是否會對中國更重要?

Q: The China-US trade war has been going on for some time and may continue. In this context, what does China-EU trade relationship mean to China? Will Europe be more important to China?

答：歐盟是世界重要一極，也是世界最大經濟體。歐盟對中國過去重要，現在重要，將來更重要。不管中美經貿磋商如何，中方將堅定不移地支持歐盟團結強大，堅定不移地致力于同歐盟及其成員國發展互利雙贏的合作。就貿易而言，我們歡迎包括瑞典在內的歐洲國家多向中國出口高質量產品，滿足中國經濟社會發展需要，滿足中國人民不斷提高生活水平的需求。為擴大從世界各國進口，在習近平主席倡議下，去年11月中國在上海成功舉辦世界上首個國際進口博覽會。今年11月我們將舉辦第二屆國際進口博覽會，歡迎世界各國有志于開拓中國市場的企業家參加這個博覽會，帶來自己最好的產品，向中國民眾推介，向中國市場推銷。從2017年起，瑞典對華貿易實現順差。我們歡迎瑞方擴大對華貿易順差。瑞典對華貿易順差再大，我們也不會像美國那樣對瑞典發起貿易戰。

Ambassador Gui: The EU is an important pole in the world and the largest economy in the world. The EU has been important and will be more important to China. Regardless of the results of the China-US trade consultations, China will unswervingly support a stronger and more united EU, and unswervingly commit itself to developing mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation with the EU and its member states. As far as trade is concerned, we welcome European countries including Sweden to export more high-quality products to China, meet the need of China’s economic and social development, and meet the need of the Chinese people to improve their living standards. In order to expand imports from all over the world, under the initiative of President Xi Jinping, China successfully hosted the world’s first International Import Expo in Shanghai last November. In November this year, we will hold the 2nd China International Import Expo. We welcome entrepreneurs from all over the world who are interested in exploring the Chinese market to participate in this event, bring their best products, and present them to the Chinese consumers and market. Since 2017, Sweden has maintained a trade surplus with China. We welcome the Swedish side to expand its trade surplus with China. No matter how big Sweden’s trade surplus with China is, we will not fight a trade war with Sweden like the United States.

問：歐盟委員會今年3月發布對華戰略文件稱，中國不再是發展中國家，已成為歐盟系統性競爭對手。中國人權狀況惡化，在新疆等地存在侵犯人權情況，監禁包括瑞典公民在內的外國公民。中國政府補貼本國企業，外國企業在華遭到不公正對待。歐盟上述文件的描述同美國的對華態度很接近。

Q: The EU Commission issued a document on China in March this year, which said that China is no longer a developing country and has become a systemic rival. It said the human rights situation in China has deteriorated, and human rights violations have occurred in places such as Xinjiang, with foreign citizens including Swedish citizens imprisoned. It also said the Chinese Government subsidizes domestic enterprises, and foreign companies are treated unfairly in China. The description in the above-mentioned document in the EU is very similar to the United States’ attitude to China.

答：中國仍是世界最大的發展中國家。中國人均國內生產總值(GDP)還不到1萬美元，不到瑞典人均GDP的五分之一。中國經濟發展還不平衡，東南沿海地區相對發達，廣大中西部地區發展相對滯后。在航天、人工智能和5G等領域，中國已經趕上甚至領先世界其他國家，但在制造業、農業等行業和領域，我們同發達國家相比還有不小的差距。外界用西方發達國家的指標、標準衡量中國發達地區，認為中國不再是發展中國家，這是不公正的。關于人權問題，建議外界多關注中國近14億人的生存權、發展權和其他各項權利，而不是關注一兩個人的所謂“人權”。

Ambassador Gui: China is still the largest developing country in the world. China’s per capita GDP is less than 10,000 US dollars, less than one-fifth of that of Sweden. China’s economic development is still uneven, with the coastal areas in its southeast relatively more developed, and the vast central and western regions less developed. In the fields of space technology, artificial intelligence and 5G, China has already caught up with other countries in the world, but in industries and fields such as manufacturing and agriculture, we are still significantly lagging behind developed countries. It is unfair to use the indicators and standards of Western developed countries to measure China’s developed regions and conclude that China is no longer a developing country. Regarding human rights issues, it is important to pay more attention to the rights to survival, development and other rights of nearly 1.4 billion people in China, instead of focusing on the so-called “human rights” of one or two individuals.

問：中國區別對待本國和西方國家企業的做法公正嗎?西方國家政府是否也可以像中國政府那樣，區別對待本國企業和中國企業并限制中國企業發展?華為就是討論的焦點。不少歐洲國家政府都不允許本國公司使用華為的5G技術。外界對中國投資的看法也與幾年前不同了。

Q: Is it fair that China treats Chinese and Western companies differently? Can Western governments also treat their companies and Chinese companies differently and limit the development of Chinese companies like the Chinese government does? Huawei is the focus of discussion. Many European governments do not allow their companies to use Huawei’s 5G technology. The outside world’s view on Chinese investment is different from a few years ago.

答：中國經濟的開放程度是與中國經濟的發展程度和成熟度相匹配的。我建議瑞典朋友關注習近平主席日前在二十國集團領導人大阪峰會上發表的重要講話和李克強總理日前在夏季達沃斯論壇上發表的致辭。中方根據自身經濟的成熟度，出臺了一系列新的對外開放舉措，推動由商品和要素流動性開放向規則等制度型開放轉變。中國的農業、采礦業、制造業、服務業也將對外開放。

Ambassador Gui: The degree of openness of the Chinese economy is commensurate with the degree of development and maturity of the Chinese economy. I suggest that Swedish friends pay attention to the important speech delivered by President Xi Jinping at the G20 Summit in Osaka and the important speech delivered by Premier Li Keqiang at the Summer Davos Forum. In accordance with the maturity of its own economy, the Chinese side has rolled out a series of new measures for opening up, moving from the opening-up based on the flow of goods and factors of production to opening-up based on rules and institutions. China’s agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and service industries will also be open to the world.

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