China-US Economic and Trade Frictions: Choose Right from Wrong

中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦，公道自在人心

Signed Article by Ambassador Xiao Jianguo on Timorese Newspaper INDEPENDENTE

駐東帝汶大使肖建國在東媒體發(fā)表署名文章

17 June 2019

2019年6月17日

近來，媒體普遍關(guān)注中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦，日前中國政府發(fā)布了《關(guān)于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商的中方立場》白皮書，闡明了中方政策立場，很多東帝汶友人向我詢問有關(guān)情況，在此，我愿分享以下看法：考生如果怕自己錯過考試報名時間和考試時間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時會以短信的方式提醒大家報名和考試時間。

Recently, China-US economic and trade frictions have attracted widespread attention of Timor-Leste and international media. The Chinese Government published a white paper titled “China’s Position on China-US Economic and Trade Consultations”, expounding China’s policy stance. Many Timorese friends of mine asked about this and I would like to share the following views:

一、美貿(mào)易霸凌行徑殃及全球。中美是世界兩大貿(mào)易國，有貿(mào)易摩擦是正常的，兩國同為世貿(mào)組織成員，有問題可以在世貿(mào)組織框架下解決。但美卻拋開世貿(mào)組織爭端解決機(jī)制，依據(jù)其國內(nèi)法對華發(fā)起一系列單邊調(diào)查，不斷對華加征關(guān)稅，現(xiàn)將2000億美元中國輸美商品加征關(guān)稅稅率提高至25%，并宣布啟動對剩余約3000億美元中國輸美商品加征關(guān)稅的程序，嚴(yán)重違反了世貿(mào)組織最惠國待遇、關(guān)稅約束等最基本的規(guī)則，擾亂全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈，這不僅損害中國和世貿(mào)組織其他成員利益，更損害了世貿(mào)組織及其爭端解決機(jī)制的權(quán)威性，使多邊貿(mào)易體制和國際貿(mào)易秩序面臨險境。受美單邊主義、貿(mào)易霸凌行徑的影響，近日世界銀行再次下調(diào)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長預(yù)期，并警告全球經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨重大下行風(fēng)險。我們看到，美不僅對中國加征關(guān)稅，也對墨西哥、印度等發(fā)展中國家“下手”，那么誰將會是美貿(mào)易霸凌的下一個對象?在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)艱難復(fù)蘇的背景下，很多中小國家的發(fā)展本就較為困難，把全球經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序搞亂了，誰是最大的受害者?中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦表面上是貿(mào)易問題，實(shí)質(zhì)上是多邊主義和單邊主義的較量，是自由貿(mào)易和保護(hù)主義的較量，是規(guī)則和強(qiáng)權(quán)的較量，與每一個認(rèn)同、維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制的國家都息息相關(guān)。

First, US trade bullying harms the world. It is only natural for China and the US, the two largest trading nations in the world, to experience some differences over trade and economic cooperation. As members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), China and the US should preferably address their disputes under the WTO framework. However, the US has shown no regard for the WTO’s dispute settlement mechanism (DSM), turning to its domestic law to launch a series of unilateral investigations and constantly impose additional tariffs on China. The US raised the additional tariffs on US$200 billion of Chinese exports to the US to 25%, and announced that it had launched procedures to slap additional tariffs on remaining Chinese goods, which are worth around US$300 billion. These became a serious breach of the most fundamental WTO rules, including most-favored-nation treatment and tariff binding, and disrupted global industrial chains and supply chains, which have not only harmed the interests of China and other WTO members, but also undermined the authority of the WTO and its dispute settlement system, exposing the multilateral trading system and international trade order to peril. Affected by unilateralism and trade bullying of the US, Global Economic Prospects released by the World Bank revised down again its forecast for global economic growth, and the global economy is facing significant downward risks. Besides China, we can see that the US also “took off its gloves” to developing countries like Mexico and India. So who will be the next victim? Given the situation of the world economy’s hard recovery, the development of many small and medium-sized countries is relatively difficult. Who will be the biggest victim if the global economic order has been messed up? Seeming like a trade issue, the China-US economic and trade frictions are essentially a contest between multilateralism and unilateralism, between free trade and protectionism, between rules and power. It is closely bound up with every country that agrees and defends the multilateral trading system.

二、中國堅持通過對話談判解決分歧。中國堅決反對美貿(mào)易霸凌行徑，從維護(hù)兩國共同利益和多邊貿(mào)易體制大局出發(fā)，堅持通過對話協(xié)商解決分歧。經(jīng)過多輪磋商，今年雙方本已就貿(mào)易磋商大部分內(nèi)容達(dá)成共識，但遺憾的是，美出爾反爾，堅持不取消經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦以來對華加征的關(guān)稅，強(qiáng)迫中國購買超出需求的產(chǎn)品，堅持在雙方協(xié)議中加入涉及中國主權(quán)的要求，這是中國絕不能接受的。于是，美拋出中國“立場倒退”的無稽之談，為揮舞關(guān)稅“大棒”找尋借口，再次對華加征關(guān)稅，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了中國利益。合作是有原則的，對話是有底線的，在重大原則問題上中國決不讓步。中國人民與很多周邊國家的人民一樣，曾長期遭受西方國家的侵略與壓迫，對外國干涉我主權(quán)、干涉我經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的行徑深惡痛絕，絕不容忍。因此，中國不得不采取有力應(yīng)對措施，堅決捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)和人民利益。中國希望對話，但對話的基礎(chǔ)是平等、互利與誠信，如果認(rèn)為可以通過“極限施壓”迫使中國接受任何不合理要求，那是注定要失敗的。

Second, China is committed to resolving disputes through dialogue and consultation. China stands firm in opposition to the US trade bullying. For the overall situation of the common interests of the two countries and global trade order, China remains committed to resolving issues through dialogue and consultation. Following numerous rounds of consultations, the two countries had agreed on most of the issues, but unfortunately, the US backtracked on its commitments by maintaining the additional tariffs imposed on China since the frictions began, forcing China to buy its products that exceed demand, insisting on including mandatory requirements concerning China’s sovereign affairs in the deal, which were absolutely unacceptable. On the contrary, the US threw out the nonsense of China’s “backtracking”, looked for excuses for abusing taxation and once again imposed additional tariffs on China, which severely hurt China’s interests. Cooperation has to be based on principles. There are bottom lines in negotiation. China will never compromise on major issues of principle concerning China’s core interests. Like people of many neighboring countries, the Chinese people have suffered the aggression and oppression of Western powers for a long period of time. History shows that, all the foreign interference in China’s sovereignty and economic independence must not be tolerated. Therefore, China has to take resolute measures to defend national sovereignty and the interests of its people. China wants dialogue, but it should be based on equality, mutual benefit and integrity. Any attempt to use “extreme pressure” to force China to accept any unreasonable demand is doomed to fail.

三、開放合作是時代潮流，多邊主義是人間正道。與美利用貿(mào)易優(yōu)勢地位，動輒威脅加征關(guān)稅，對他國施以霸凌形成鮮明對比的是，中國始終堅持在平等基礎(chǔ)上對外開放、合作共贏，愿與世界各國分享中國發(fā)展機(jī)遇。在不久前舉行的第二屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇上，中國再次宣布進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大開放的五大舉措，充分表明中國未來發(fā)展將會給世界帶來更多機(jī)遇。東帝汶前總統(tǒng)、前總理、海洋邊界事務(wù)首席談判代表夏納納率團(tuán)出席了會議。夏在“設(shè)施聯(lián)通”分論壇演講中指出，中國的“一帶一路”倡議為包括東帝汶在內(nèi)的廣大發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、改善民生提供了出路，帶來了機(jī)遇，這道出了很多發(fā)展中國家的心聲。中國將會同東帝汶一道，堅決捍衛(wèi)多邊主義，與各國實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展，共同構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。在全球治理中，我們應(yīng)捍衛(wèi)多邊主義，維護(hù)以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序、以聯(lián)合國為核心的多邊體系;在國際貿(mào)易中，我們應(yīng)維護(hù)以世貿(mào)組織為核心、以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的多邊貿(mào)易體制;在關(guān)系全人類命運(yùn)的氣候變化問題上，我們應(yīng)維護(hù)《巴黎氣候變化協(xié)定》，“退出主義”、單邊主義的行為不得人心。

Third, openness and cooperation are a momentous trend of our times, and multilateralism is the right way to go. In contrast to the US’s threats of additional tariffs and pressure against other countries through its dominant position on trade, China has always been adhering to opening up and win-win cooperation on an equal footing, willing to share development opportunities with the rest of the world. On the 2nd Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, China has announced five more major opening-up measures, which has fully demonstrated that China’s future development would bring more opportunities to the world. H.E. Mr. Xanana Gusmao, former President, former Prime Minister and Chief Representative of Maritime and Land Boundary Negotiation of Timor-Leste, led Timorese delegation to the Forum. Just as pointed out by Mr. Xanana in his speech on the thematic forum of “Infrastructure Connectivity”, the “Belt and Road” Initiative has provided developing countries, including Timor-Leste, with ways and opportunities to develop economy and improve people’s livelihood. This view is shared by many developing countries. Together with Timor-Leste, China will resolutely defend multilateralism, achieve common development with all countries and jointly create a community of shared future for mankind. On global governance, we should defend multilateralism, uphold the rules-based international order and the international system with the UN as its core. On international trade, we should safeguard the rules-based multilateral trading system with the WTO as its core. On issue of climate change that affects the destiny of all mankind, we should defend the Paris Agreement on climate change, the acts of “exitism” and unilateralism are deeply unpopular.

在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)艱難復(fù)蘇，各國經(jīng)濟(jì)高度依存的大背景下，“貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)”彼此沒有贏家，還會殃及世界上許多中小國家，拖累世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。實(shí)際上，正如中國國家主席習(xí)近平所說，中美難割裂，中國不愿意，相信特朗普也不愿意。通過對話協(xié)商解決貿(mào)易摩擦才是正確選擇，在相互尊重、平等相待、誠信守諾的基礎(chǔ)上，中美間達(dá)成一個互利雙贏的協(xié)議不僅符合中美兩國的利益，也符合國際社會利益，是國際社會的普遍期待。

In the context of the slow and hard recovery of the global economy, in the age of high level economic interdependence between countries, the “trade war” between big players has no winners. It will also harm the interests of many small and medium-sized countries and drag down the world economy. In fact, as Chinese President Xi Jinping has said, China and the US cannot be cut apart, this is neither China’s expectation nor Mr. Trump’s. It is the right option to resolve trade frictions through dialogue and consultation. On the basis of mutual respect, equality and integrity, striking a mutually beneficial and win-win agreement not only serves the interests of China, of the US, but also the interests of the international community, it will meet the common expectations of the world.

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