中美貿(mào)易磋商的真相是什么

The Truth About China-U.S. Trade Consultations

駐加拿大大使盧沙野在加《國(guó)會(huì)山時(shí)報(bào)》發(fā)表署名文章

Ambassador Lu Shaye’s Article Published on the Hill Times

2019年6月17日

17 June 2019

近日，中方發(fā)布了《關(guān)于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商的中方立場(chǎng)》白皮書。白皮書從中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦的影響、美方在磋商過(guò)程中幾次出爾反爾、中方對(duì)待磋商的原則立場(chǎng)等角度，回顧了中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商的基本情況，闡明了中方對(duì)于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商的政策立場(chǎng)，回應(yīng)了國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商關(guān)注的主要問(wèn)題。考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過(guò)考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。

China recently released its position on the China-U.S. economic and trade consultations. The white paper elaborates on China’s perspectives on the impact of the trade frictions between the two countries, noting several occasions of U.S. backtracking, and the principles that China abides by in consultations, responding to the international community’s attention to major issues in the consultations.

一、現(xiàn)任美國(guó)政府到底想干什么?

What does the U.S. government intend to do?

現(xiàn)任美國(guó)政府奉行“美國(guó)優(yōu)先”政策，對(duì)外采取一系列單邊主義和保護(hù)主義措施，動(dòng)輒使用關(guān)稅“大棒”，將自身利益訴求強(qiáng)加于他國(guó)。美國(guó)無(wú)視中美經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)展階段特點(diǎn)和國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)分工現(xiàn)實(shí)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為中國(guó)采取不公平、不對(duì)等的貿(mào)易政策，導(dǎo)致美國(guó)出現(xiàn)對(duì)華貿(mào)易逆差，在雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)交往中“吃了虧”，并對(duì)華采取單邊加征關(guān)稅措施。

Trumpeting “America First,” the current U.S. administration has adopted a series of unilateral and protectionist measures, regularly wielded tariffs as a “big stick,” and coerced other countries into accepting its demands. Turning a blind eye to the difference of the nature of the economic structure and the stage of development in China and the U.S., as well as the reality of the international industrial division of labour, the U.S. insists that China’s “unfair” and “non-reciprocal” trade policies have created a trade deficit in bilateral commercial exchanges where the U.S. was “being taken advantage of,” leading to unilateral imposition of additional tariffs on China.

國(guó)際社會(huì)中的許多國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)美的單邊貿(mào)易霸凌行為有共同感受。美利用其國(guó)內(nèi)法，對(duì)歐盟、日本、加拿大、墨西哥等采取加征關(guān)稅的措施，近日又宣布取消印度最惠國(guó)待遇，逆經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化大勢(shì)，肆意挑起全球貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端。

Many other countries in the international community would share the same feeling of the U.S.’s unilateral trade bullying. The U.S. slapped tariffs on the European Union, Japan, Canada, and Mexico by invoking its local laws, and cancelled the most favoured nation treatment for India recently. It acted against the trend of economic globalization and arbitrarily provoked international trade disputes.

二、誰(shuí)在中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商中出爾反爾?

Who backtracked in China-U.S. consultations?

美方自挑起中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦后，雙方磋商經(jīng)歷幾次波折，均由于美方的出爾反爾。美三次推翻已達(dá)成共識(shí)的內(nèi)容，對(duì)于磋商過(guò)程中中方提出文本內(nèi)容及相關(guān)表述的修改意見(jiàn)的通常做法，美方卻指責(zé)中方在磋商中“開(kāi)倒車”，堅(jiān)持不合理的高要價(jià)，堅(jiān)持在協(xié)議中寫入涉及中國(guó)主權(quán)事務(wù)的要求，堅(jiān)持不取消加征的全部關(guān)稅，并且以提高加征關(guān)稅的稅率來(lái)施壓，致使談判嚴(yán)重受挫。孰是孰非，不證自明。

Since the U.S. provoked trade frictions, there have been several setbacks in the consultations, each of them being the result of U.S. backtracking. The U.S. has torn up consensus three times. However, as China made new proposals for adjustments to the text and language in ongoing consultations, which is a common practice, the U.S. accused China of “backtracking.” It persisted with exorbitant demands, insisted on including mandatory requirements concerning China’s sovereign affairs in the deal, and maintaining the additional tariffs imposed, and put pressure by raising tariff rates. These led to the serious setback in consultations. Who’s to blame? It’s self-evident.

三、美方挑起全球貿(mào)易摩擦傷害了誰(shuí)?

Who was hurt in the U.S.-provoked trade frictions?

美加征關(guān)稅導(dǎo)致兩國(guó)貿(mào)易和投資下滑，提高了企業(yè)成本、抬升了國(guó)內(nèi)物價(jià)、阻礙了出口，損人不利己。貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，反而將導(dǎo)致美GDP增幅在未來(lái)幾年每年減少0.3% - 0.5%。美方采取的貿(mào)易保護(hù)措施，違反世界貿(mào)易組織規(guī)則，損害多邊貿(mào)易體制，威脅全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，嚴(yán)重干擾全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈，給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇帶來(lái)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。

The U.S.-imposed tariffs led to the slide of bilateral trade and investment, raised costs for businesses, added to domestic commodity prices, and impeded exports, harming others without benefiting itself. The trade war did not boost the U.S. economy. On the contrary, it will reduce the U.S.’s annual GDP growth by 0.3-0.5 percentage points for several years. The trade protectionist measures taken by the U.S. go against the WTO rules, damage the multilateral trading system, seriously disrupt global industrial chains and supply chains, and pose a serious challenge to global economic recovery.

四、中方經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商的立場(chǎng)是什么?

What’s China’s position on the consultations?

經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和貿(mào)易自由化是不可阻擋的時(shí)代潮流，以鄰為壑的單邊主義、保護(hù)主義不得人心。

Economic globalization and trade liberalization are firmly-established trends of the times. Beggar-thy-neighbour unilateralism and protectionism are unpopular.

中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持平等、互利、誠(chéng)信的磋商立場(chǎng)。中美應(yīng)秉持相互尊重、平等互利的精神，本著善意和誠(chéng)信，通過(guò)磋商解決問(wèn)題，縮小分歧，擴(kuò)大共同利益，共同維護(hù)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。在原則問(wèn)題上，中國(guó)決不讓步，任何挑戰(zhàn)都擋不住中國(guó)前進(jìn)的步伐。

China is committed to credible consultations based on equality and mutual benefit. Guided by a spirit of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, the two countries should push forward consultations based on good faith and credibility in a bid to address issues, narrow differences, expand common interests, and jointly safeguard global economic stability and development. In issues of principle, China will not compromise. No challenge will hold back China’s development.

中美達(dá)成一個(gè)互利雙贏的協(xié)議，符合中美兩國(guó)利益，順應(yīng)世界各國(guó)期待。希望美國(guó)同中國(guó)相向而行，本著相互尊重、平等互利的精神，管控經(jīng)貿(mào)分歧，加強(qiáng)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，共同推進(jìn)以協(xié)調(diào)、合作、穩(wěn)定為基調(diào)的中美關(guān)系，增進(jìn)兩國(guó)和世界人民福祉。

Striking a mutually-beneficial and win-win agreement serves the interests of China and the U.S., and meets the expectations of the world. It is hoped that the U.S. can pull in the same direction with China and, in a spirit of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit, manage economic and trade differences, strengthen trade and economic cooperation, and jointly advance China-U.S. relations based on coordination, cooperation, and stability for the well-being of both nations and the world.

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