John Kenneth Galbraith, the iconoclastic economist, teacher and diplomat, died Saturday at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts。He was 97.

　　Mr. Galbraith was one of the most widely read authors in the history of economics; among his 33 books was "The Affluent Society" (1958), one of those rare works that forces a nation to re-examine its values. He wrote fluidly, even on complex topics, and many of his compelling phrases — among them "the affluent society," "conventional wisdom" and "countervailing power" — became part of the language.

　　An imposing presence, lanky and angular at 6 feet 8 inches tall, Mr. Galbraith was consulted frequently by national leaders, and he gave advice freely, though it may have been ignored as often as it was taken. Mr. Galbraith clearly preferred taking issue with the conventional wisdom he distrusted.

　　Mr. Galbraith, a revered lecturer for generations of Harvard students, nonetheless always commanded attention.

　　From the 1930"s to the 1990"s Mr. Galbraith helped define the terms of the national political debate, influencing both the direction of the Democratic Party and the thinking of its leaders.

　　He tutored Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic nominee for president in 1952 and 1956, on Keynesian economics. He advised President John F. Kennedy (often over lobster stew at the Locke-Ober restaurant in their beloved Boston) and served as his ambassador to India.

　　Though he eventually broke with President Lyndon B. Johnson over the war in Vietnam, he helped conceive of Mr. Johnson"s Great Society program and wrote a major presidential address that outlined its purposes. In 1968, pursuing his opposition to the war, he helped Senator Eugene J. McCarthy seek the Democratic nomination for president.

　　In the course of his long career, he undertook a number of government assignments, including the organization of price controls in World War II and speechwriting for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Kennedy and Johnson.

　　He drew on his experiences in government to write three satirical novels. He took on the Harvard economics department with "A Tenured Professor," ridiculing, among others, a certain outspoken character who bore no small resemblance to himself.

　　At his death, Mr. Galbraith was the emeritus professor of economics at Harvard, where he had taught for most of his career. A popular lecturer, he treated economics as an aspect of society and culture rather than as an arcane discipline of numbers.

　　【試題1參考譯文】

　　反傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、教育家以及外交家約翰肯. 格貝斯先生于周六在馬薩諸塞州劍橋醫(yī)院去世，享年97歲。

　　在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)歷史上，格貝斯先生的著作有著廣泛的讀者。在他的33部著作當(dāng)中， 1958年出版的《富裕社會(huì)》就是一本為數(shù)不多的能促使一個(gè)國(guó)家重新監(jiān)視其價(jià)值的著作。 即便是一些復(fù)雜的議題，他也能夠文思泉涌。其中他的很多有說(shuō)服力的的句子早已成為語(yǔ)言的一部分，例如“富裕社會(huì)”、“傳統(tǒng)智慧”“抵消力量”。

　　身材瘦長(zhǎng)高6英尺8英寸的格貝斯先生的出現(xiàn)總是讓人難以忘懷。 許多國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人經(jīng)常就一些問(wèn)題咨詢格貝斯先生，雖然他給出的建議有近一半被忽略，但他還是非常樂(lè)意給出建議。格貝斯先生喜歡用連他自己都不信任的傳統(tǒng)智慧來(lái)思考問(wèn)題。

　　格貝斯先生是受多屆哈佛學(xué)生尊敬的老師，值得我們經(jīng)常地關(guān)注。

　　從20世紀(jì)30年代到90年代，格貝斯先生重新界定了國(guó)家政治辯論的條件，這一界定同時(shí)影響了民主黨及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的思路。

　　他曾經(jīng)就凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)輔導(dǎo)曾兩度被提名為民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人的埃爾 E. 斯蒂溫遜。他曾經(jīng)是約翰F.肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的顧問(wèn)(通常是在他們深愛(ài)的波士頓Locke-Ober餐館，一邊吃著燜龍蝦)并且出任肯尼迪政府的駐印度大使。

　　盡管最終因?yàn)閷?duì)越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)分歧，格貝斯與林頓B.約翰遜總統(tǒng)關(guān)系破裂，但是他還幫助構(gòu)思了約翰遜先生的偉大社會(huì)項(xiàng)目并且撰寫了總統(tǒng)施政綱領(lǐng)及其主要內(nèi)容。在反戰(zhàn)思想的推動(dòng)下，1968年他積極幫助參議員Eugene J. McCarthy爭(zhēng)取民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人的提名。

　　在他漫長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯中，格貝斯曾多次接受政府的任命，其中包括在二戰(zhàn)期間的價(jià)格控制組織，為弗蘭克林D.羅斯福、肯尼迪和約翰遜三位總統(tǒng)撰寫演講稿。并且他還以自己在中政府工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)出版了小說(shuō)“終身教授”，與其其他作品相比，該小說(shuō)充滿了諷刺意味，描寫了一位與他完全沒(méi)有相似之處的一個(gè)坦率的人物形象。