2012年政府工作報告中英對照-全文

Full Text: Report on the Work of the Government (2012)

十一屆全國人大五次會議5日上午9時在北京人民大會堂開幕，國務院總理溫家寶向大會作政府工作報告。以下為報告實錄：

各位代表：

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

Fellow Deputies,

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2011年工作回顧

I. Review of Work in 2011

過去的一年，面對復雜多變的國際政治經濟環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展任務，全國各族人民在中國共產黨領導下，同心同德，團結奮進，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at home. Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

國內生產總值47.2萬億元，比上年增長9.2%;公共財政收入10.37萬億元，增長24.8%;糧食產量1.14萬億斤，再創歷史新高;城鎮新增就業1221萬人，城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入實際增長8.4%和11.4%。我們鞏固和擴大了應對國際金融危機沖擊成果，實現了“十二五”時期良好開局。

China’s GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year; government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%; and the country’s grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons. A total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively. We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.

一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

We accomplished the following in our work last year.

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，遏制物價過快上漲，實現經濟平穩較快發展。

1. Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises, and achieving steady and robust economic development

我們實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，堅持正確處理保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重把握好政策實施的重點、力度和節奏，努力做到調控審慎靈活、適時適度，不斷提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。

We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations. We paid greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and pace; conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion; and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking.

在全球通脹預期不斷增強，國際市場大宗商品價格高位波動，國內要素成本明顯上升，部分農產品供給偏緊的嚴峻形勢下，我們把穩定物價總水平作為宏觀調控的首要任務，堅持綜合施策，合理運用貨幣政策工具，調節貨幣信貸增速，大力發展生產，保障供給，搞活流通，加強監管，居民消費價格指數、工業生產者出廠價格指數漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉了一度過快上漲勢頭。

Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision. As a result, increases in the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI) began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.

下半年，世界經濟不穩定性不確定性上升，國內經濟運行出現一些新情況新問題，我們一方面堅持宏觀調控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經濟政策基本穩定，繼續控制通貨膨脹;一方面適時適度預調微調，加強信貸政策與產業政策的協調配合，加大結構性減稅力度，重點支持實體經濟特別是小型微型企業，重點支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點保證國家重大在建、續建項目的資金需要，有針對性地解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾。

In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in China’s economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged, maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to curb inflation. In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between credit and industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions. We focused on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses; improving the people’s wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects; and ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion. These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.

我們堅定不移地加強房地產市場調控，確保調控政策落到實處、見到實效。投機、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數城市房價環比下降，調控效果正在顯現。我們高度重視防范和化解財政金融領域的潛在風險隱患，及時對地方政府性債務進行全面審計，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務的總規模、形成原因、償還時限和區域分布。這些債務在經濟社會發展中發揮了積極作用，形成了大量優質資產;也存在一些風險隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區存在局部性風險。

We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress. Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show. We attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which exist in the banking and public finance sectors. We fully audited local government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local governments incurred over the years. These debts have played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality assets. However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.

我們認真開展債務清理整頓和規范工作，嚴格控制增量，積極穩妥解決債務償還和在建項目后續融資問題。目前，我國政府性債務水平是可控的、安全的?？偟目?，我國國民經濟繼續朝著宏觀調控預期方向發展，抗風險能力不斷增強，呈現增長較快、價格趨穩、效益較好、民生改善的良好態勢。

We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects. Government debt in China now is at a controllable and secure level. China’s economy as a whole continues to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more resilient. Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns are good, and the people’s wellbeing is improving.

(二)加快轉變經濟發展方式，提高發展的協調性和產業的競爭力。我們堅持有扶有控，促進結構調整和優化升級，增強發展后勁。

2. Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive

鞏固和加強農業基礎。全面落實強農惠農富農政策，加大農業生產補貼力度，穩步提高糧食最低收購價，加強以農田水利為重點的農業農村基礎設施建設，開展農村土地整治，加強農業科技服務和抗災減災，中央財政“三農”支出超過1萬億元，比上年增加1839億元。農業全面豐收，糧食總產量實現了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續5年超萬億斤，標志著我國糧食綜合生產能力穩定躍上新臺階。繼續推進農村危房改造，解決了6398萬農村人口的飲水安全和60萬無電地區人口的用電問題，農村生產生活條件進一步改善。

We supported development in some areas while limiting growth in others, and carried out economic structural adjustments and upgrading to increase the sustainability of development.

We consolidated and strengthened the agricultural foundation. We fully implemented the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers, and enriching rural areas. We increased subsidies for agricultural production, and the minimum purchase price for grain rose steadily. We strengthened agricultural and rural infrastructure, with priority given to irrigation and water conservancy projects, improved rural land, increased scientific and technological services for agriculture, and improved our ability to respond to and mitigate natural disasters. Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers exceeded one trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 183.9 billion yuan. We had a bumper harvest in all sectors of agriculture. China’s grain output increased for the eighth consecutive year, which has rarely been seen in history. Grain output in each of the past five years has exceeded 500 million tons, which shows that China’s overall grain production capacity has reached a new level. We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.

加快產業結構優化升級。大力培育戰略性新興產業，新能源、新材料、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發展，三網融合、云計算、物聯網試點示范工作步伐加快。企業兼并重組取得新進展。支持重點產業振興和技術改造，中央預算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個項目，帶動總投資3000億元。加快發展信息咨詢、電子商務等現代服務業，新興服務領域不斷拓寬。交通運輸產業快速發展，經濟社會發展的基礎進一步夯實。

We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. We energetically fostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of cloud computing and the Internet of Things. We made progress in enterprise mergers and reorganizations. We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries and upgrade their technologies. This seed capital attracted a total investment of 300 billion yuan. We accelerated the development of information consulting, e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas. The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the foundation for China’s economic and social development.

推進節能減排和生態環境保護。發布實施“十二五”節能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強環境保護重點工作的意見。清潔能源發電裝機達到2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬千瓦。加強重點節能環保工程建設，新增城鎮污水日處理能力1100萬噸，5000多萬千瓦新增燃煤發電機組全部安裝脫硫設施。加大對高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業的調控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產能1.5億噸、煉鐵產能3122萬噸、焦炭產能1925萬噸。實施天然林保護二期工程并提高補助標準，實行草原生態保護獎補政策，開展湖泊生態環境保護試點。植樹造林9200多萬畝。

We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the ecological environment. We adopted and implemented the Comprehensive Work Plan for Conserving Energy and Reducing Emissions and the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks. The installed power capacity using clean energy reached 290 million kW, an increase of 33.56 million kW over the previous year. We strengthened the development of major energy conservation and environmental protection projects. We increased daily sewage treatment capacity by 11 million tons in urban areas, and installed desulphurization systems on all new coal-fired power-generating units with a total capacity of over 50 million kW. We tightened controls over industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity, and closed down outdated production facilities whose production capacity amounted to 150 million tons of cement, 31.22 million tons of iron, and 19.25 million tons of coke. We implemented the second phase of the project to protect virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes. And we planted 6.13 million hectares of trees.

促進區域經濟協調發展。深入實施區域發展總體戰略和全國主體功能區規劃。出臺實施促進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展的一系列優惠政策。制定實施新10年農村扶貧開發綱要和興邊富民行動規劃。區域發展協調性進一步增強，中西部和東北地區主要經濟指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快。城鎮化率超過50%，這是中國社會結構的一個歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災后恢復重建任務，積極推進青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災救災和恢復重建工作。

We promoted the balanced development of regional economies. We thoroughly implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan for developing functional zones. We introduced preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang; and formulated and implemented a rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there. As a result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading. China’s urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic change in the country’s social structure. We completed reconstruction in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai; Zhugqu, Gansu; and Yingjiang, Yunnan.

(三)大力發展社會事業，促進經濟社會協調發展。各級政府加大對科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育事業的投入，全國財政支出2.82萬億元。

Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology, education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching 2.82 trillion yuan.

持續提升科技創新能力。加強基礎研究和前沿技術研究。實施國家科技重大專項，突破一些關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。天宮一號目標飛行器與神舟八號飛船先后成功發射并順利交會對接，成為我國載人航天發展史上新的里程碑。

We continued to enhance China’s scientific and technological innovation capabilities. We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies. We carried out major national research and development projects, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many gaps in important products and technologies. The Tiangong-1 space module and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China’s development of manned spaceflights. 扎實推進教育公平。深入貫徹落實教育改革和發展規劃綱要。經過25年堅持不懈的努力，全面實現九年制義務教育。免除3000多萬名農村寄宿制學生住宿費，其中1228萬名中西部家庭經濟困難學生享受生活補助。建立起完整的家庭經濟困難學生資助體系。初步解決農民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育的問題。推動實施“學前教育三年行動計劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發展職業教育。加強中小學教師培訓工作，擴大中小學教師職稱制度改革試點，提高中小學教師隊伍整體素質。首屆免費師范生全部到中小學任教，90%以上在中西部。

We made solid progress in making education more equitable. We thoroughly implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development. Thanks to tireless efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults. Over 30 million rural boarding school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances. A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from poor families was put in place. The children of rural migrant workers were generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live. A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number of children enrolled in preschool increased. We vigorously developed vocational education. We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers, expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on them, and raised their overall quality. All the graduates of 2011 who received tuition-free education in teachers’ colleges and universities went to teach in primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and western China.

大力加強文化建設。中央財政加大對文化惠民工程的支持，各地對公益性文化事業投入顯著增加。擴大公共文化設施免費開放范圍，服務面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續推進，文化產業快速發展。文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。大力加強群眾體育設施建設，全民健身活動蓬勃開展，體育事業取得新成績。

We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector. The central government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit cultural programs. We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services. We continued to reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly. Major progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on China’s intangible cultural heritage. We put great effort into building public sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country, and made new achievements in sports activities.

積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展?；踞t療保險覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，13億城鄉居民參保，全民醫保體系初步形成。政策范圍內住院費用報銷比例提高，重大疾病醫療保障病種范圍進一步擴大。各級財政對城鎮居民醫保和新農合的補助標準由每人每年120元提高到200元。國家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫療衛生機構實現全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價格下降。公立醫院改革試點有序進行?；鶎俞t療衛生服務體系基本建成?；竟残l生服務均等化取得新進展。

We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and healthcare services. We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered. A medical insurance system that covers the whole population is emerging. We raised the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured. Governments at all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year. We implemented the national system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more affordable. We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health services.

(四)切實保障和改善民生，解決關系群眾切身利益的問題。我們堅持民生優先，努力使發展成果惠及全體人民，促進社會公平正義。

4. Ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests

We continued to put the people’s wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.

實施更加積極的就業政策。多渠道開發就業崗位，全力推動以創業帶動就業，加強職業技能培訓和公共就業服務體系建設。加大財政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進高校畢業生、農民工等重點人群就業。高校畢業生初次就業率77.8%，同比提高1.2個百分點。農民工總量2.53億人，比上年增長4.4%，其中，外出農民工1.59億人，增長3.4%。

We implemented a more active employment policy. We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system. We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups. The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.

積極調整收入分配關系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農村居民人均純收入實際增速為1985年以來最高，連續兩年快于城鎮居民;各地普遍較大幅度調高最低工資標準;連續第7年提高企業退休人員基本養老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬人受益;進一步提高城鄉低保補助水平以及部分優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準，對全國城鄉低保對象、農村五保供養對象等8600多萬名困難群眾發放一次性生活補貼;建立社會救助和保障標準與物價上漲掛鉤的聯動機制。擴大中等收入者所占比重。個人所得稅起征點從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬個體工商戶稅負。中央決定將農民人均純收入2300元(2010年不變價)作為新的國家扶貧標準，比2009年提高92%，把更多農村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會的巨大進步。

We adjusted income distribution. We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people. Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year. We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people. We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses). We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise. The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased. We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan. We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people. The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009. This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government’s poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.

加強社會保障體系建設。社會保障覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，全國參加城鎮基本養老保險、失業保險、工傷保險和生育保險人數大幅增加。2147個縣(市、區)實施城鎮居民社會養老保險試點，1334萬人參保，641萬人領取養老金。2343個縣(市、區)開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，3.58億人參保，9880萬人領取養老金，覆蓋面擴大到60%以上。解決了500多萬名集體企業退休人員養老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬名企業“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養親屬納入工傷保險統籌管理。養老保險跨地區轉移接續工作有序推進。社會保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進基本公共服務均等化取得的重要成就。

We bolstered the development of the social security system. We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide. We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions. We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions. We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China’s counties. We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises. We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers’ compensation insurance. We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities. We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents. This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.

大力推進保障性安居工程建設。出臺關于保障性安居工程建設和管理的指導意見，完善財政投入、土地供應、信貸支持、稅費減免等政策，著力提高規劃建設和工程質量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城鎮保障性住房基本建成432萬套，新開工建設1043萬套。

We accelerated the construction of low-income housing. We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing; improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions; strove to improve project planning and construction quality; and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing. The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010. We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.

努力維護社會公共安全。加強安全生產監管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調查、問責工作。完善食品安全監管體制機制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產加工行為。堅持以人為本、服務為先，加強和創新社會管理，著力排查化解各類社會矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保持社會和諧穩定。

We worked hard to safeguard public safety. We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable. We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food. We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.

(五)深入推進改革開放，為經濟社會發展注入新的活力和動力。我們按照“十二五”規劃提出的改革任務，加大攻堅力度，推動重點領域和關鍵環節的改革。

5. Deepening reform and opening up and injecting new vitality and impetus into economic and social development. We intensified efforts to overcome difficulties and carried forward reform in major areas and key links to meet reform targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

完善公共財政體系特別是預算管理制度，把預算外資金全部納入預算管理，擴大國有資本經營預算實施范圍，深化部門預算改革，推進政府預算、決算公開，98個中央部門和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開“三公經費”。在全國范圍實施原油、天然氣資源稅從價計征改革，出臺營業稅改征增值稅試點方案。把跨境貿易人民幣結算范圍擴大到全國，啟動境外直接投資人民幣結算試點，開展外商直接投資人民幣結算業務。深化集體林權制度改革，啟動國有林場改革試點，依法開展草原承包經營登記。推進水利建設管理體制改革，創新水資源管理體制。深化國有企業改革。啟動實施電網主輔分離改革重組以及上網電價和非居民用電價格調整方案。基本完成鄉鎮機構改革。事業單位分類改革有序開展。

We improved the public finance system, particularly the budget management system. We put all extra-budgetary funds under budgetary management; expanded the scope of budgets for the use of state capital; deepened the reform requiring government departments to prepare their own budgets; and moved ahead with publicly releasing government budgets and final accounts. Ninety-eight central government departments as well as provincial and municipal governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shaanxi, publicly released information regarding their spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality. We carried out a price-based reform of resource taxes on crude oil and natural gas nationwide, and introduced a plan to replace business tax with value-added tax (VAT) on a trial basis. We extended the use of RMB in cross-border trade settlement to the whole country, launched trials for settling overseas direct investment accounts in RMB, and began settling foreign direct investment accounts in RMB. We deepened reform of tenure in collective forests, launched a trial reform of state forestry farms, and started registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law. We pressed ahead with reform of the system for managing the construction of water conservancy facilities and made innovations in the system for managing water resources; and deepened reform of state-owned enterprises. We carried out reform to restructure power grids by separating their main business from auxiliary services and implemented the plan to adjust the prices of on-grid electricity and non-household electricity. We basically completed the reform of county and town government bodies, and proceeded with the reform of public institutions through classification in an orderly manner.

我們堅持出口和進口并重，利用外資和對外投資并舉，全面提升開放型經濟水平。積極推進市場多元化戰略，努力優化貿易結構。全年貨物進出口總額3.64萬億美元，增長22.5%，其中，出口增長20.3%，進口增長24.9%，貿易順差進一步下降。實際使用外商直接投資1160億美元，服務業和中西部地區比重提高。企業“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類對外直接投資601億美元。積極參與國際和區域經濟合作，多邊雙邊經貿關系繼續深化。

We continued to put equal emphasis on exports and imports, encouraged foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas, and made comprehensive improvements to China’s open economy. We actively pursued the strategy of diversifying markets and improved the trade mix. China’s total volume of trade in goods totaled US$ 3.64 trillion for the year, up 22.5%. Exports and imports grew by 20.3% and 24.9%, respectively, and our trade surplus decreased further. Total utilized foreign direct investment was $116 billion, and a larger proportion of it went to service industries and the central and western regions. Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence, and non-financial outward direct investment reached $60.1 billion. We actively participated in international and regional economic cooperation and continued to deepen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.

我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進展。

We made outstanding progress in improving democracy and the legal system; strengthening national defense and building up the armed forces; and in our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and our diplomatic work.

過去一年的成績來之不易，顯示了中國特色社會主義的優越性和生命力，增強了中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央科學決策、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協力、頑強拼搏的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝!向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝!向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝!

Our hard-won achievements over the past year are a testament to the strength and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and have enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese nation. We owe these achievements to the sound decisions made by the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, and its correct leadership, as well as the concerted efforts and hard work of the Party, the armed forces, and the people of all ethnic groups in China. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to sincerely thank the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people’s organizations, and people from all sectors of society. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese. I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to governments of other countries, international organizations, and foreign friends around the world who show understanding for and support China in its pursuit of modernization.

我們也清醒地看到，我國經濟社會發展仍然面臨不少困難和挑戰。從國際看，世界經濟復蘇進程艱難曲折，國際金融危機還在發展，一些國家主權債務危機短期內難以緩解。主要發達經濟體失業率居高難下，增長動力不足，新興經濟體面臨通貨膨脹和經濟增速回落的雙重壓力。主要貨幣匯率劇烈波動，大宗商品價格大幅震蕩。國際貿易投資保護主義強化。從國內看，解決體制性結構性矛盾，緩解發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題更為迫切、難度更大，經濟運行中又出現不少新情況新問題。主要是：經濟增長存在下行壓力，物價水平仍處高位，房地產市場調控處于關鍵階段，農業穩定發展、農民持續增收難度加大，就業總量壓力與結構性矛盾并存，一些企業特別是小型微型企業經營困難增多，部分行業產能過剩凸顯，能源消費總量增長過快。一些長期矛盾與短期問題相互交織，結構性因素和周期性因素相互作用，國內問題和國際問題相互關聯，宏觀調控面臨更加復雜的局面。政府工作仍存在一些缺點和不足，節能減排、物價調控目標沒有完成;征地拆遷、安全生產、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面問題還很突出，群眾反映強烈;政府管理和服務水平有待提高，廉政建設亟需加強。

We are keenly aware that China still faces many difficulties and challenges in economic and social development. Internationally, the road to global economic recovery will be tortuous, the global financial crisis is still evolving, and some countries will find it hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon. The unemployment rate remains high in the major developed economies, and they lack impetus for growth. Emerging economies face the dual pressures of inflation and slowing economic growth. The exchange rates of major currencies and the prices of important commodities are experiencing sharp fluctuations. Protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting. Domestically, it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development. In addition, China’s economy is encountering new problems. There is downward pressure on economic growth. Prices remain high. Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage. It is getting harder to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural incomes. Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural shortages of qualified personnel in some industries. Some enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their operations. Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity. Total energy consumption is growing excessively fast. Moreover, some long-term and short-term problems are interwoven; structural and cyclical factors affect each other; domestic and international problems have become interrelated; and our macro-control work faces a more complex situation. There are still some deficiencies and shortcomings in the government’s work. Targets for conserving energy, reducing emissions, and controlling prices are not being met. Problems concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food and drug safety, and income distribution are still very serious and the people are still very concerned about them. Government administration and services need to be improved, and efforts to build clean government need to be intensified.

我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切實解決存在的問題，努力把各項工作做得更好，決不辜負人民的重托。

We must act with a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people, take more effective steps to resolve these problems, strive to do all our work better, and truly live up to the people’s expectations.

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