職稱英語(理工B類)真題閱讀理解及答案練習

更新時間：2017-02-24 13:44:54 來源：環球網校

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　　第一篇　Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?

　　When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.

　　Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(樹冠)of taller indigenous(土生土長的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.

　　Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

　　Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

　　Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.

　　31.What is the main idea of this passage? 文章的主旨是

　　A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. 農民正改變他們種咖啡的方式

　　B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. 種植咖啡越來越貴

　　C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee. 蔽光生長的咖啡比向光生長的咖啡貴

　　D.People should buy shade-grown coffee. 人們應該買蔽光生長的咖啡

　　32.The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____. 段落2中的traditionally 作用是來顯示

　　A.the positive effects of coffee. 咖啡的積極作用

　　B.a change of coffee growth. 咖啡成長的變化

　　C.something that is the most important. 最重要的事情

　　D.how coffee production used to be. 咖啡生產過去如何

　　33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?陽光充足的咖啡增加的產量帶來什么?

　　A.More insects.更多的昆蟲

　　B.Better quality coffee.質量更好的咖啡

　　C.Larger farms. 更大的農場

　　D.Higher profits. 更高利潤

　　34.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?農民如何找更多的土地來種植陽光充足的咖啡

　　A.They buy more land from other farmers.

　　B.They cut down trees.

　　C.They move to another country.

　　D.They turn grassland into farmland.

　　35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun 方式可能影響以下....

　　A.insects.昆蟲

　　B.air.空氣

　　C.brids.鳥

　　D.humans人類

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　　第二篇　　More Rural Research is Needed

　　Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.

　　“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition(營養不良)and poverty.” he said.

　　Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation(貧瘠化)and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the currenti pattern. If there is any change, a slighe improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.

　　The debeloping world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.

　　He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs(有用的副產品)for Mexico, China or India.

　　“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.” Dr. Fischer said.

　　Yields of rice, wheat ad maize(玉米)havegrown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield.” Dr. Fischer said.

　　36. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. Shortage of food supplies. 食物供應短缺

　　B. Development of agricultural technologies. 農業技術的發展

　　C. Impact of agricultural research.農業研究的影響

　　D. Expectation of population growth. 人口增長的期望值

　　37. Which of the following statements is true about the world’s agricultural research funding? 關于世界農業研究資金一下正確的是

　　A. It is increasing among developed countries. 發達國家的正在增長

　　B. It is decreasing worldwide. 全球都在下降

　　C. Less is demanded from developing countries. 發展中國際比較不需要

　　D. Most of it is spent very efficiently. 大部分都高效使用

　　38. What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25 years?在第一個25年中，亞洲食物供應的圖景是什么

　　A. Food shortage will not be a problem 食物短缺不再是問題

　　B. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia. 在南亞會有更多饑餓的人

　　C. Population growth will result in more hungry people. 人口增長會導致更多饑餓的人

　　D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia. 東亞饑餓的人會減少

　　39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? Dr Fischer 關于技術說了什么

　　A. They are costly. 他們貴

　　B. They have to be improved to meet local needs. 必須提高來滿足當地的需求

　　C. Their application is limited. 應用很少

　　D. They have to be applied locally.必須應用在當地

　　40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_____.從最后一段可以推測出來

　　A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities. 有需要為非農業活動節省土地

　　B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries. 在發展中國家，種植業發展更快

　　C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s. 玉米產量在1990年代達到最高

　　For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995 只是說上升了并沒有說達到最高錯誤

　　D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed. 提高玉米產量的技術已經很好的發展

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　　第三篇　　Dangers await babies with altitude

　　Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.

　　Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.

　　To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. L Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.

　　Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.

　　The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.

　　His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.

　　Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary(冠狀的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

　　41. What does the new study discover?

　　A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.

　　B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.

　　C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.

　　D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.

　　42. Giussani and his team are sure that _____.

　　A. babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.

　　B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.

　　C. the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is Santa Cruz.

　　D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.

　　43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that_____.

　　A. the finding was unexpected

　　B. he was very tired.

　　C. the study took longer than expected.

　　D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.

　　44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is _____.

　　A. lack of certain nutrition.

　　B. powerty of their mother.

　　C. different family backgrounds.

　　D. reduction of oxygen levels.

　　45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that_____.

　　A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life.

　　B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span.

　　C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth.

　　D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.

　　閱讀理解：A、B、D、B、B　C、B、C、B、A　B、A、A、D、B

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