職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹：虛擬語氣

更新時間：2016-10-21 10:29:58 來源：環球網校

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摘要　　【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環球網校為考生整理了職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹：虛擬語氣，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關，更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語

　　【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環球網校為考生整理了“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹：虛擬語氣”，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關，更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考試頻道……

　　相關推薦：2017年職稱英語考試綜合類詞匯練習匯總

　　虛擬語氣的構成及用法

　　l 相關背景知識介紹

　　虛擬語氣 = 虛擬(假設) + 語氣

　　Bus travel now and then (2001年版C級)

　　For cities without other public transport services, if all the buses were to stop running for a day, work would come to a standstill (停止) in hundreds of offices and factories and...

　　l 虛擬語氣 (Subjunctive Mood)

　　虛擬語氣是謂語動詞的一種形式，用于表示非真實的假設，或表示命令、建議以及說話人的主觀愿望，有時也有使語氣緩和、委婉的作用。

　　Ⅰ、條件句中的虛擬語氣

　　1.構成

　　含有條件狀語從句的句子稱為條件句。如果所表示的條件是真實的，或者完全可能實現的，則稱為真實條件句，其主句和從句的謂語都用陳述語氣，如：

　　You may spoil the work if you make the same mistake again.

　　如果條件句表示的條件根本不可能實現或實現的可能性很小時，則稱為虛擬條件句，其主句和從句的謂語就要用虛擬語氣。謂語形式因時間不同而有所不同。現以動詞give和tell為例列表如下：

	條件從句	主句
與現在事實相反的假定	gave	should + tell would + tell
與過去事實相反的假定	had + given	should + have + told would + have + told
推測未來不可能實現或實現可能性很小的假定	should + give were to + give gave	should + tell would + tell

　　注：

　　① 在與現在事實相反的假設條件從句中謂語為be時，一般不分人稱，多用過去式的復數形式were。如主語為第一、三人稱單數時，也可用was (但“if I were you…”中只能用were。)

　　② 主句中第一人稱常用should，第二、三人稱常用would。但在美國英語中，第一人稱也常用would。主句中除should, would外，還可用could, might。

　　2.用法

　　(1) 與現在事實相反的假定。如：

　　If the sun stopped radiating(放射出) heat and light, life on earth would be impossible.

　　如果太陽停止放射光和熱，地球上的生命就不可能生存。

　　If I were you, I should start packing now.

　　如果我是你，我現在就動手收拾行裝了。

　　(2) 與過去事實相反的假定。如：

　　If you had started your work earlier, you would have finished it.

　　如果當時你早點開始工作的話，你早就把工作完成了。

　　He would have succeeded in the Sydney Olympic Games if his courage hadn’t failed him.

　　如果他不是當時一時膽怯，他就會已經在悉尼奧運會上獲勝了。

　　(3) 推測未來不可能實現或實現可能性很小的假定。如：

　　If the director came tomorrow, I would tell him about our proposal.

　　如果主任明天來，我將把我們的建議告訴他。

　　If I should live in the twenty-second century, I would spend my vacation on the moon.

　　如果我生活在二十二世紀，我將在月球上度假。

　　What would you do if war were to break out(爆發)?

　　如果戰爭爆發，你怎么辦?

　　注：

　　①虛擬條件從句中，如謂語中有were (was), had, should等詞，有時可把這些詞放到主語前，并省略連詞if。如上面(2)中的第一句(If you had started your work earlier, you would have finished it.) 和(3)中的第二句 (If I should live in the twenty-second century, I would spend my vacation on the moon.) 可分別改為下列形式而意思不變：

　　Had you started your work earlier, you would have finished it.

　　Should I live in the twenty-second century, I would spend my vacation on the moon.

　　②虛擬條件除用從句表示外，還可以通過介詞短語等來表示，這時句中動詞也用虛擬語氣。如：

　　Without dust, there would be no clouds and no rain.

　　沒有灰塵，不會有云，也不會有雨。

　　But for your cooperation, my business would have collapsed.

　　要不是你的合作，我經營的企業早就垮了。

　　環球網校友情提示：2017年職稱英語考試即將開始報名，本文整理“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹：虛擬語氣”。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環球網校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇，我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

　　相關推薦：2017年職稱英語考試綜合類詞匯練習匯總

　　l 虛擬語氣的一些其他用法

　　1.在表示愿望、建議、要求、命令等含義的動詞及其派生的同根名詞后面的主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句中的謂語一般用虛擬語氣，即“should +動詞原形”或只用動詞原形。這類從句常見的動詞有：demand, desire, request, require, propose, suggest, recommend, move (提議), order, command, insist等。如：

　　e.g. It is required that the equipment should be tested again before it is actually put into operation.

　　這臺設備在實際投入運行前要求再測試一次。

　　e.g. The experts recommended that highways be provided with sensors buried beneath them to emit signals to the car.

　　老師們建議在公路路面下埋置傳感器使之能向汽車發出信號。

　　e.g. We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.

　　大家都堅決要求不完工就不休息。

　　2.某些形容詞后面的主語從句的謂語用虛擬語氣

　　在It is necessary (important, imperative必須的，essential, advisable可取的，better)等句型中的主語從句中，謂語一般用“should +動詞原形”或只用動詞原形。如：

　　e.g. It is imperative that Franck do away with his bad habit.

　　弗蘭克改掉他的壞習慣是絕對必要的。

　　e.g. It is essential that men in space should take their own air with them in order to breathe.

　　太空人為了呼吸，自備氧氣是必不可少的。

　　3.在wish后的賓語從句中，謂語用虛擬語氣。

　　動詞wish后的賓語從句，表示未實現的主觀愿望。這時，賓語從句的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。如：I wish I could afford a new car. 我要是能買得起一輛嶄新的汽車就好了。

　　具體形式及用法如下表：

賓語從句謂語形式(例詞know)	用法
過去式knew	表示現在未實現的愿望
過去完成式had known	表示過去未實現的愿望
過去將來式would know	表示將來不大可能實現的愿望

　　謂語動詞be的過去時為were，適用于一切人稱。例如：

　　e.g. I wish my mother were in good health.我真希望我母親現在的身體健康。

　　4.在以as if, as though (好像，似乎)引出的與事實不符的狀語從句中，謂語用虛擬語氣，其形式一般用動詞的過去式表示對現在情況的推測。用過去完成式表示對過去情況的推測。如：

　　e.g. The moon shines brightly, as if it gave off light by itself.

　　月亮照得很明亮，仿佛它本身發光一樣。

　　e.g. I was horrified at his appearance. He looked as though he hadn’t slept for weeks.

　　他的外表嚇了我一跳，看上去似乎好幾個星期沒睡覺。

　　注：

　　在由as if, as though引導的從句中通常用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所傳述的情況實現的可能性較大，則用陳述語氣。如：

　　e.g. It looks as if it is going to rain.

　　天似乎要下雨了。

　　5. 用should (would), could, might + 動詞原形的形式表示委婉的虛擬語氣

　　e.g. We’ll have soup to start with. What would you like after that?

　　我們首先上湯，接著你們喜歡上什么菜?

　　e.g. The expert explains that the car’s computer might reduce the car’s speed to get it out of danger.

　　老師解釋說汽車上的計算機可以使減速從而避免危險。

　　6.在“it is (high, about) time+從句”中，表示早該做而沒有做的事，含建議的意味，其從句謂語動詞用過去式。例如：

　　Ø It’s (high) time (that) we left now.

　　現在我們該走了。

　　It’s (about) time (that) the children went to bed.

　　孩子們該上床睡覺了。

　　Ø 課堂練習：

　　1) We require that the leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans.

　　A inform B informs C informed D has informed

　　2) ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving D Were they to arrive

　　3) ____ for my illness I would have lent him a hand.

　　A Not being B Had it not been C Without being D Not having been

　　相關推薦：2017年職稱英語考試綜合類詞匯練習匯總

　　核心詞匯推薦:

　　circumstance n. 環境;境況(circumstances – environment - setting – surrounding 環境, 情況 ); (in [under] the circumstances/在這種情況下);

　　citizen n. 市民;公民;

　　city n. 城市，都市;

　　civil adj. 全民的;市民的;公民的 ;

　　claim n. (根據權利提出)要求;主張v. (根據權利)要求，主張(make a claim for/對(賠償等)提出要求……);

　　class n. 班級;階級;種類;(一節)課(in class/在上課中);

　　classical adj. 古典的;古典文學的;人文科學的(classical music/古典音樂; classical school/古典(經濟) 學派);

　　classify (B) v. 把…分類

　　classmate n. 同學;同班同學;

　　classroom n. 教室;

　　clean adj. 清潔的，干凈的v. 打掃，清掃;

　　clear adj. 清楚的，清晰的(clear – apparent清楚的，清晰的);空曠的; v. 掃除，清除;晴(clear away/清除, 消失);

　　clever adj. 機靈的，聰明的;

　　climate n. 氣候(political climate/政治風氣; a mild climate/溫和的氣候);

　　climb v. 攀登;爬;爬高(climb up[down] the hill/上[下]山);

　　clinic n. 門診部;臨床;

　　clock n. (時)鐘(around the clock/日以繼夜;整日整夜 (= round the clock));

　　close v. 關，關閉;結束 n. 結束 adj. 近的，緊密的;精密的;封閉的;親密的(close down/關閉;封閉;close season/禁獵期; close to/與……接近;與……靠近;將近;在……附近);

　　cloth n. 布;織物;衣料(cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth/量布裁衣，量入為出);

　　clothes n. 衣服;[總稱]被褥;各種衣服(put on [take off] one’s clothes/穿[脫]衣服);

　　clothing n. [集合詞]衣服;

　　cloud n. 云;煙云;

　　cloudy adj. 多云的，陰天的;模糊的;

　　club n. 俱樂部;

　　clue (B)n. 提示，線索(clue – hint 提示，線索)

　　clumsy (A) adj. 笨拙的, 手腳不靈活的 (clumsy – awkward 笨拙的)

　　coal (A)n. 煤;煤炭;

　　coarse (B) adj. 粗的;粗糙的(coarse – rough粗糙的);未加工的(coarse– crude 未加工的);(表面)不光滑的;

　　coast n. 海岸(along the coast/沿海岸off the coast/在海面上);

　　coat: n. 上衣, (油漆等) 涂層 ; v. 給…穿上外套, 給…上涂

　　coffee: n. 咖啡

　　coin: n. 硬幣

　　cold adj. 冷，寒，凍;冰涼的; 冷靜的; n. 感冒，著涼，傷風 , 寒冷; (have(catch/get/ come down with) a cold 患感冒)

　　往年考題回顧:

　　變形于(CET-4, 1999,6)

　　We have been told under no ___ may we have the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　A. circumstances B. environment C. setting D. surroundings

　　答案A. “under no circumstances + 倒裝結構” : 在任何情況下決不…

　　練習：

　　1. Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in the proper subjunctive mood and translate the sentences into Chinese.

　　1. Were there no dust, there ________ (be) either very strong sunshine that________(be) harmful to us or a black shadow in which we ________(see) nothing.

　　2. If Newton were to come alive today, he ________ (find) many things to puzzle and excite him, his first concern ________ (be) with the vast changes that have taken place in the concepts of space and time.

　　3. I propose, Mr. Chairman, that the meeting ________ (postpone) until next Thursday.

　　4. ________ I ________ (realize) what you intended, I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.

　　2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

　　1. Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know.

　　2. If I were (was ) better qualifies, I would accept their offer.

　　3. Had you worked harder, you would have succeeded.

　　4. Without sunlight, animals and plants would soon die.

　　5. When we look at the sky at night, it seems as though all the stars were at the same distance.

　　6. Would it be all right if I came round at eight?

　　3. Reading comprehension

　　相關推薦：2017年職稱英語考試綜合類詞匯練習匯總

　　Taxi riding 難度：B/C級

　　In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question after watching the “Taxicab Confessions (出租車實話告白/) ,” a series of documentaries (記錄片)in which hidden cameras record the secrets of unsuspecting (不懷疑的)taxi riders. I found the results varied.

　　One morning I got into three different taxis and announced:” Well, it’s my first day back in New York in seven years. I’ve been in prison.” Not a single driver relied, so I tried again. ”Yeah, I shot a man in Reno,” I explained, hoping the drive would ask me why, so I could say casually,” Just to watch him die.” But nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver: “ Reno? That is in Nevada?”

　　Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I’d just been fired. “ This is America,” a Haitian driver said. “ One door is closed. Another is open.” He argued against my plan to burn down my boss’s house:” If you do something silly and they put you away, you cannot look for anther job.” A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope: he refused to take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge, a $20 trip. “Why you want to go there? Go home and relax. Don’t worry. Take a new job.”

　　One very hot weekday in July, While wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word “BANK” on it, I tried hailing a taxi five times out side different banks. The drive picked me up every time. My ride with Guy-Caaude Thevenain, a Haitian driver, was typical of the superb assistance I received.

　　“Is anyone following us?”

　　“No,” said the driver, looking in his rearview mirror at traffic and me.

　　“Let’s go across the park,” I said.” I just robbed the bank there. I got $25,000.”

　　“$25,000?” he asked.

　　“No, man. I work 8 hours and I don’t make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too.”

　　As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed the Chemical Bank.

　　“Hey, there’s another bank,” I said,” could you wait here a minute while I go inside?”

　　“No, I can’t wait, Pay me now.” His reluctance may have had something to do with money----taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low---- but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can’t expect unconditional support.

　　練習：

　　1. From the Ghanaian driver’s response, we can infer that

　　A) he was indifferent to the killing

　　B) he was afraid of the author

　　C) he looked down upon the author

　　D) he thought the author was crazy

　　2. Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George Washington Bridge?

　　A) Because he didn’t want to help the author get over his career crisis.

　　B) Because he wanted to go home his relax.

　　C) Because it was far away from his home.

　　D) Because he suspected that the author was going to commit suicide.

　　3. What is the author’s interpretation of the driver’s reluctance” to wait outside the Chemical bank”?

　　A) The driver thought that the rate for waiting time was too low.

　　B) The driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally.

　　C) The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible.

　　D) The driver wanted to go home and relax.

　　4. Which of the following statements is true about New York taxi drivers?

　　A) They are ready to help you do whatever you want to.

　　B) They refuse to pock up those who would kill themselves.

　　C) They are sympathetic with those who are out of work.

　　D) They work only for money.

　　5. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　A) How to make taxi riders comfortable

　　B) How to deal with taxi riders.

　　C) The attitudes of taxi towards the taxi riders having personal cries.

　　D) The attitudes of taxi drivers towards violent criminals.

　　參考答案：

　　1. Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in the proper subjunctive mood and translate the sentences into Chinese.

　　1. would be, would be, would see

　　如果沒有塵土的話，就或者會有對我們有害的強烈的陽光，或者會有一個黑色的陰影，在這個陰影中我們什么也看不見。

　　2. would find, would be

　　如果牛頓今天還活著的話，他將發現很多讓他吃驚又困惑的事情。他首先關注的將會是在時間和空間概念上發生的巨大的變化。

　　3. be postponed

　　主席先生，我建議把會議推遲到下周四。

　　4. had, realized

　　如果我當時意識到的你的目的的話，我就不會浪費時間來給你解釋了。

　　2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

　　1.如果你不需要我們代理給你打電話，請讓我們知道。

　　2.如果我能更好地勝任的話，我就申請那份工作了。

　　3.如果你當時工作更努力的話，你早就成功了。

　　4.如果沒有陽光，動植物就會很快死亡。

　　5.我們晚上看天空時，看起來似乎所有的星星都處于離我們同樣的距離。

　　6. 如果我在八點左右來可以嗎?

　　3. Reading comprehension

　　1. A。分析：利用題干中的核心結構Ghanaian driver’s response,作為答案線索，注意該題考察考生的推斷能力。

　　2. D。分析：利用題干中的核心結構Pakistani driver和the middle of the George Washington Bridge作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：

　　A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope: he refused to take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge, a $20 trip. “Why you want to go there? Go home and relax . Don’t worry. Take a new job.”

　　3. B。分析：利用題干中的核心結構Chemical bank作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：

　　“Hey, there’s another bank,” I said,” could you wait here a minute while I go inside?”

　　“No, I can’t wait, Pay me now.” His reluctance may have had something to do with money----taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low---- but I think (對應題干中的interpretation，確認該句就是答案的中心)he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can’t expect unconditional support.

　　4. C。分析：利用題干中的核心結構New York taxi drivers作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：(在文章開頭)

　　In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver?

　　再根據解答前面的問題所獲得的對全文部分內容的把握，對備選項進行一一分析，篩選，最終確認答案為C。其實文章中第3段第1句話：Taxi drivers were uniformly (一律地)sympathetic when I said I’d just been fired.已經明確的點明了該題的答案。

　　5. C。對被選項進行分析(該題問及文章的中心，對于這樣的題注意利用排除法解答問題。)，判斷答案為C。

　　A How to make taxi riders comfortable(“comfortable”或其近義詞的使用在文章并沒有看見)

　　B How to deal with taxi riders.(借助解答前面的題判斷文章重要是在討論紐約出租汽車司機的對作者設置的各種情景的反應問題，因此判斷該項不是答案)

　　C The attitudes of taxi towards the taxi riders having personal cries.

　　D The attitudes of taxi drivers towards violent criminals.(violent criminals只是汽車司機提到的一個例子，因此不是中心)

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