2013年自考英語(二)課文譯文:黑洞

更新時間：2013-09-13 09:23:43 來源：|0

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黑洞

　　What is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape, not even light. So we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space -- or so we think. How can this happen?

　　什么是黑洞?說起來，很難回答這個問題，因為通常我們用來描述科學現象的這個術語在這里就不恰當了。天文學家和科學家認為，黑洞是一片空間區域(而不是某個東西)，物質掉落其中，但什么也不能從中逃逸――甚至連光也不能。所以，我們看不見黑洞。黑洞產生很強的引力，但卻不具有物質;它只是空間，或者說我們這樣認為。黑洞是怎樣產生的呢?

　　The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovae were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star -- a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.

　　從理論上講，一些恒星的密度增加到某一程度就會爆炸;這些恒星崩潰瓦解，有時產生超新星。從地球上看，超新星像天空中一盞明亮的燈，白天也能發光。天文學家在十七、十八世紀對超新星就有所報道。有些人認為，圣誕星可能是一顆超新星。恒星的崩潰瓦解可能產生白矮星或中子星，這種星的物質密度極大，使它在自身引力的作用下不停地收縮。如果這種星體非常大(遠比太陽大)，它的收縮非常劇烈，就會產生黑洞。試想一下，如果地球縮小到彈子球那么大，但仍具有同樣的質量和更強的引力，你就會對黑洞的引力有所認識。任何靠近黑洞的物質會被吸了進去，卻不能說明在黑洞內部發生了什么。科學家們稱黑洞邊緣地區為“事界”。對于通過這個邊界時物體究竟發生了些什么事件，我們一無所知。從理論上講，物質在黑洞里面的屬性一定會截然不同。

　　For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.

　　打個比方，如果一個人落入黑洞，他會想自己很快就到達了黑洞中心，而在世界上的觀察者會認為這個人根本沒有到達黑洞中心。看來我們的時空觀念并不適用于黑洞區域的物體。只有愛因斯坦的相對論才能解釋這種現象。他說，物質與能量是相互轉換的，因此不存在“絕對”的時間與空間，不存在常量;時間與空間的測量取決于觀測者的位置，它們二者是相對的。我們仍未透徹地理解相對論的意義，但有趣的是，在天文學家開始尋找黑洞存在的證據之前，愛因斯坦的理論就為黑洞學說提供了理論基礎。直到最近，天文學家才開始對黑洞進行專門的研究。1997年8月發射了一顆衛星，搜集關于人們認為存在于銀河系中的一千萬個黑洞的數據資料。天文學家還計劃建一個新的天文觀測站，對那些正在爆炸的、人們認為可能會成為黑洞的恒星分別進行研究。

　　The most convincing evidence of black holes comes frown research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.

　　對雙星星系的研究為黑洞的存在提供了最令人信服的證據。雙星，顧名思義就是兩顆恒星，其空間位置相互影響。天文學家們已經表明，在一些雙星系中都有一顆看不見的“伴星”，陪伴著天空中我們能夠看得見的星。那顆可見的恒星上的物質一直被一顆看不見的另一顆恒星吸引著。這顆產生如此之大引力的不可見恒星會不會是個黑洞呢?天文學家們已有幾顆其他恒星的證據，證明它們可能會有黑洞作為陪伴。

　　The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them. are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.

　　黑洞理論僅僅是個開始，關于黑洞的猜測卻是不勝枚舉。在我們銀河系中心可能有一個巨大的黑洞，高速吞噬著恒星，人類可能會在某一天要面臨這一命運。另一方面，科學家們已經提出，也許有一天高科技會利用黑洞的能量為人類造福。這些假想聽起來像科幻故事，然而，空間黑洞的理論已為許多嚴謹的科學家和天文學家所接受。他們向我們展示了一個運轉方式完全不同于我們這個世界的世界，他們對我們關于時空的最基本認識提出了質疑。

?2013年7月各省市自考成績查詢入口匯總