2013年7月自考“英語(二)”完整講義四
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第二部分
Para.3
Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice， there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing， and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example， a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers， every decision has constraints based on policies， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.
7.“選擇”三個詞的區別：
alternative adj.兩者或多于兩者選一個，供選擇的，n.替代物
choice 選自己喜歡的，挑出，選出
select 選出最好的，篩選、精選
8.由 if 引導的條件狀語從句， 主句中的不定式被動態 to be made作定語， 修飾decision
9.range n. 范圍 a broad range of choice 一個很廣的選擇范圍
10.For managers， every decision has constraints based on policies， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like.
本句中based on 是一個過去分詞作定語修飾constraints.
be based on 表示“建立在…基礎上
例：The book is based on a true story. 這本書是以一個真實的故事為依據的。
He was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge， rather than guess or imagination. 他第一個畫出以當時所有的知識為基礎的地圖，而不是基于猜測和想象。
and the like 意思是“等等 (之類的東西)”。
例：He studied painting， music， English and the like. 他學習了繪畫、音樂、英語等等。
11.at all levels “在各個層次”
Para.4
Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made. If there are no alternatives， there is no choice and， therefore， no decision. If no alternatives are seen， often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example， managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.
12.from which 引導定語從句，修飾 courses of action 行動方針
13.a thorough job of examining 一個徹底的考察工作
a thorough job是主語，of examining the problems 修飾job，has not been done是句子的謂語。
thorough a. 徹底的
through prep. 通過，穿過
though conj. 雖然，盡管 ( 同although )
thought n. 思想
14.For example， managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion ：
either /or 意思是“非此即彼;二者擇一”。
例：We fight， or we don't ―― it's an either/or decision.
我們戰斗或不戰斗-這是二者擇一的決定。
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