2013年7月自考“英語(二)”完整講義三
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III.課文精講
第一部分
Para.1
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists， goals or objectives are wrong， or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
1.made from among alternative courses of action 是過去分詞短語作定語
courses of action 行動方針
that are available 是定語從句，修飾概念短語“行動方針”
2.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists， goals or objectives are wrong， or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
此句是由that引導的表語從句，表語從句由a problem exist; goals of objectives are wrong;
及something is standing in the way of accomplishing them三個并列句構成。
The reason for … is that 是一個常用的句子。例： The reason for canceling the travel is that
they lack of money. 取消旅行的原因是他們手頭缺錢。
The reason why … 是另外一個常用的句子。例：There are 3 reasons why they are unwilling to discuss insurance .他們不愿意談論保險的原因有三個。
Para.2
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions， indeed， some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future， many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.
3.a manager does是省略that的定語從句，修飾先行詞everything
當先行詞為everything， something， anything， nothing等不定代詞時定語從句引導詞不可用which， 此句的后半部分 some suggest that …… 是賓語從句suggest v. 認為，提出，建議(其后的賓語從句多用于虛擬語氣)
4.although conj.“雖然，盡管”引導讓步狀語從句
例如：Although my car is very old，it still runs very well .
雖然我的汽車很舊，但是仍然跑得很好。
require vt. 要求，需要 后邊由that引導一個賓語從句
5.Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk accompanies decisions.
make a best guess at 作出最佳猜測，at 表示動作或行為的方向和目標，如：look at (看) ，aim at (瞄準，目的是)，throw (a stone) at (向…擲石頭)，shoot at (射擊)，laugh at (嘲笑)
本句中what the future will be 是一個介詞賓語從句，(作介詞at 的賓語);
to leave sth. to chance “憑運氣，聽任命運的安排，聽其自然發展”
“as + 形容詞(或副詞)+ as possible”意思是“盡可能地…; 盡量”。
as little as possible 盡可能少
I tried to be as friendly as possible. 我盡量地表示友好。
Come as quickly as possible. 盡快來。
since uncertainty is always there 是一個原因狀語從句。
risk accompanies decisions .風險伴隨著決策
6.sometimes … at other times 有時… ，而有時則 …
a poor decision 一個不良決策
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