自考英語(yǔ)（二）復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
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非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
2.1 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一覽表
|
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 |
形式 |
意義 |
|
現(xiàn)在分詞 |
|
|
|
一 般 式 |
doing |
主動(dòng) , 正在進(jìn)行 |
|
被 動(dòng) 式 |
being done |
被動(dòng) , 正在進(jìn)行 |
|
完成主動(dòng)式 |
having done |
主動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 |
|
完成被動(dòng)式 |
having been done |
被動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 |
|
過(guò)去分詞 |
done |
被動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 |
|
動(dòng)詞不定式 |
|
|
|
|
|
主動(dòng) , 將要進(jìn)行 |
|
被 動(dòng) 式 |
to be done |
被動(dòng) , 將要進(jìn)行 |
|
完成主動(dòng)式 |
to have done |
主動(dòng) , 已經(jīng)完成 |
|
進(jìn)行主動(dòng)式 |
to be doing |
主動(dòng) , 正在進(jìn)行 |
2.2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式：1)目的狀語(yǔ);2)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
I came here to meet you. (目的)轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. (結(jié)果)
分詞：1) 伴隨狀語(yǔ);2)原因狀語(yǔ);3)條件狀語(yǔ) 4)讓步狀語(yǔ);5)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Walking along the street， he met his old friend. (時(shí)間)
Being very tired， my father didn’t go out with us. (原因)
Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. (原因)
Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. (條件)
2.3 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，狀語(yǔ)從句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
1) Having done their homework， the children began to play. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))
2) After having done their homework， the children began to play. (連詞+分詞)
3) After they had done their homework， the children began to play. (狀語(yǔ)從句)
4) With homework done， the children began to play. (獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))
2.4 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)
1) If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ (make)。 (to be made)
2) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)
3) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)
4) The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)
2.5 動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式
作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)表示一般、抽象的情況;動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作主語(yǔ)表示具體某次的情況。
Rising early is good for health.
To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
My biggest wish is to go abroad.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
Seeing is believing.
作賓語(yǔ)
接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：
admit， acknowledge， avoid， appreciate， consider， delay， enjoy， escape， excuse， forgive， finish， include， involve， mind， put off， postpone， suggest， feel like， look forward to， be used to， be accustomed to， etc.
接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：
want， tend， intend， pretend， hope， plan， expect， be supposed to， seem， be likely to， used to， be willing to， desire， force， prefer， start， begin
接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有不同含義的動(dòng)詞：
1) forget， remember， regret
2) stop， continue
3) need/ want
4) allow doing/ allow sb to do
(1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?
Sorry， I forgot to lock the door.
(2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?
(3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
(4) We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.
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