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    課程推薦：2015環球職稱英語簽約保過套餐

　　2015年職稱英語考試衛生類概括大意(3)

　　The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women

　　1. Women infected with the most common form of HIV may safely use the intrauterine device (IUD)for contraception, provided they see a doctor regularly, new study findings suggest.

　　2. World Health Organization guidelines currently state that, in general, HIV-infected women should avoid IUDs. “Those guidelines were essentially made on theoretical concerns, and there are really very little data on what contraceptive is appropriate for HIV-infected women,3” said the lead author Dr. Charles S. Morrison in North Carolina4.

　　3. Morrison and colleagues gathered information on IUD-related complications at 1, 4 and 24 months after placement of the device in 636 women living in Nairobi, Kenya5. Of these women, 156 had HIV infection. Participating physicians did not know the patients’ HIV status. There was “little difference in any side effects in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that the IUD is likely an appropriate method for HIV-infected women,” Morrison said. “This is an important issue, because there are now 16 million women living with HIV and a lot of them have a critical need for contraception,” he added.

　　4. The researchers did find6 that women with infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia at the study’s outset were at increased risk of IUD complications, confirming current guidelines suggesting that women with sexually transmitted diseases not use IUDs.7

　　5. In addition, there was no difference in the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding8, at the beginning of the study compared with 4 months after the IUD was inserted, the researchers reported in the August issue of the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conversely, some studies have shown a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives.

　　6. “What this study suggests is that you need to avoid IUD use in women with a cervical infection but not women with HIV infection,”Morrison said. “Women with cervical infections are at increased risk of complications: women with HIV infection are not.”

　　詞匯：

　　intrauterine 子宮內的 outset 開頭，最初 contraception 節育，避孕

　　cervix .頸，宮頸(pl. cervices 或 cervixes) contraceptive 避孕的; n.避孕工具，避孕藥物

　　shedding 脫落物 complication 并發癥

　　obstetrics 產科學 gonorrhea 淋病 gyn(a)ecology 婦科學

　　chlamydia 衣原體(pl. chlamydiae) cervical 頸的(如宮頸的)

　　注釋:

　　1.IUD = IUCD (為intrauterine contraceptive device的首字母縮寫)：宮內節育器

　　2.HIV-positive：人類免疫缺陷病毒檢查陽性

　　HIV為human immunodeficiency virus 的首字母縮寫。

　　3. ... and there are really very little data... for HIV-infected women...: 有關什么樣的避孕物品適合于感染了人類免疫缺陷病毒婦女，資料真的很少……本句中what引導的從句是on的賓語從句。

　　4.North Carolina：北卡羅來納州

　　5.Nairobi, Kenya：肯尼亞的內羅畢

　　6. ...did find...：的確發現了……did在這里用做強調的助動詞。例如：Do be careful! 一定要細心!He did accomplish the task in time.他的確按時完成了任務。

　　7. ... confirming current guidelines... not use IUDs. ……這就進一步證實了現行指南的意見，即患有性傳播疾病的婦女不應該使用宮內節育器。本句中confirming是分詞，作結果狀語。suggesting也是分詞，作current guidelines的定語。suggesting后面that引導的是賓語從句，其謂語使用了虛擬語氣，等于should not use。

　　8.the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding：人類免疫缺陷病毒呈陽性反應的婦女從子宮頸排出的病毒(即脫落物)數量。此處從the HIV-positive women 至compared with 4 months 是the amount of virus 的定語從句，省略了關系代詞that。

　　練習:

　　1.Paragraph 2 ______

　　2.Paragraph 3 ______

　　3.Paragraph 4 ______

　　4.Paragraph 6 ______

　　A Morrison’s Survey and Findings

　　B Comments on Current Guidelines

　　C The Relation of Sexually Transmitted Diseases to IUD Complications

　　D The Concrete Contents of Current Guidelines

　　E A Conclusion of Morrison’s Study

　　F The Relationship Between Cervical HIV Shedding and Using IUDs

　　5.According to current guidelines, women should not use IUDs ______.

　　6.Current guidelines barely recommend ______.

　　7.From both current guidelines and the new study we may conclude ______.

　　8. The new study maintains that the IUD is a safe contraceptive method for HIV-infected women ______.

　　A what contraceptive is good for HIV-infected women

　　B if they go to see the doctor at regular intervals

　　C what a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives

　　D that sexually transmitted diseases may increase the risk of IUD complications

　　E if they are HIV carriers

　　F that taking oral contraceptives is much safer than using IUDs for HIV-infected women