2014職稱英語答案    職稱英語報考條件   2015環球職稱英語簽約保過套餐　

　　捍衛進化論仍必要

　　美國生物科學院主席Judith S. Weis正發動全國的力量來“捍衛”進化論。研究所看到來自學校董事會和政府部門的反對和冷漠，盡管如此，Weis仍帶領大家為捍衛進化論而努力。

　　研究所認為美國的進化論教育由于神創論教育和高中完全缺少達爾文理論的講授而減少?！皼]有命令要求學校教授進化論。高中老師有時就忽略了它。然而，從生物學家的角度來看，進化論是生物學的中心理解，是萬物存在的基礎。”Weis說?！安恍业氖牵诿绹S多地方和美國生物科學院，講授進化論成了一個政治事件，作為生物學家的代表，我想為進化論教育而疾呼?！?/P>

　　Weis說生物科學院正和美國地理學院和國家生物教師聯合會及其80多個成員組織合作來對抗來自政治上和法律上的關于教授進化論的威脅。在國內，面對進化論教育的挑戰，生物科學院寄信給學校董事會和國家立法機關，在公眾會議上展示證據，通知其成員及聯合組織，生物科學院擁有80多個成員社團和250000個成員。它建立了一個電子郵件系統使各州的科學家和成員社團能相互聯合，先知進化論教育面臨的威脅。

　　達爾文的進化論主張生物變化以適應他們的環境，并且現有物種(包括人類)是由早期物種經過自然選擇的改造遺傳下來的。這個理論已經被科學家接受了近100年，Weis說，并且由于古生物學的發現和生物學的發展而被完善、拓展、加強。

　　基因、分子生物學和整組遺傳因子方面的發現――這些都對人類健康大有好處――如果離開進化論是不可能實現的。而且，Weis補充說，“現代分子生物學和基因學加深了我們對進化論的認識?！比欢M化論仍是政治性而非科學性的爭議問題。

　　Weis說僅今年，七個州的地方性或全州性地減少了進化論教育或使其處于和神創論教育同等的地位。神創論是指從宗教上相信物種是由一種更高級的力量，例如上帝分別創造。“極少有人使用‘神創論”這個詞，因為它太明顯。”Weis說“目前使用的術語是‘天才的設計’”。

　　Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed

　　Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to “defend” the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities.

　　The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwin’s theory in high school. “There’s nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out. However from the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based,” said Weis. “Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biologists, wanted to be a major force speaking out in favor of its teaching.”

　　Weis said the institute is working together with the American Geological Institute and the National Association of Biology Teachers and its 80-plus member organizations to address the political and legislative threats to teaching evolution. In states challenging its teaching, the institute responds by sending letters to school boards and state legislatures, by providing testimony at public meetings and by notifying members and affiliated organizations. AIBS, with more than 80 member societies and 250,000 members, has established an email system enabling scientists and teachers in each state, and member societies, to keep each other informed about threats to the teaching of evolution.

　　Darwin’s theory of evolution holds that living things change and adapt to their environment and that present-day species (including human beings) are descended from earlier species through modification by natural selection. The theory has been accepted by scientists for nearly 100 years, Weis said, and has been refined, extended and strengthened over the years by findings in paleontology and developmental biology. Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and genomics―all of which provide significant benefits for human health―would not be possible without the underlying knowledge of evolution. And, Weis adds, “modern molecular biology and genomics have increased our understanding of how evolution works.” Nonetheless, evolution remains a politically, if not scientifically, controversial issue.

　最新成績查詢信息請關注：2014年職稱英語成績查詢