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　　(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：①看主語 ②看結(jié)構(gòu)

　　spend的賓語通常是金錢或時(shí)間,句型：sb.+(spend)+時(shí)間/金錢+on sth / (in) doing sth. ;

　　take的主語通常是事情,句型：sth./It + (take)+sb.+時(shí)間+to do… 。(如果是動(dòng)作則常用it作形式主語將動(dòng)詞不定式后移);

　　cost的賓語通常是時(shí)間、金錢、力氣,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+時(shí)間/金錢/力氣. ;

　　pay的賓語通常是金錢,句型：sb.+(pay)+金錢+for+事物.

　　如：She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一個(gè)晚上看那本小說)/ This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job. (做這件事情要花我兩天的時(shí)間)/ How much does a house like this cost? (像這樣的房子要花多少錢?)/ I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元從他那兒買了書)

　　(22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多數(shù)情況下可以替代start,(反義詞是end),后面接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)區(qū)別不大,但是start還可以表示“開始、出發(fā)、啟動(dòng)”,反義詞是stop;某事停止后再重新開始一般用start.如：When did you begin/start to learn English? (你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)英語的?)/ They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他們開始收割莊稼) / This time he could not start his car. (這次他沒法啟動(dòng)他的汽車)