Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight

　　You hear this：“No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat.” You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?” Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.

　　Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的)parents become obese, as compared with no more than l4 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. ”

　　How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic(新陳代謝的)measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.

　　Thin people however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

　　This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.

　　The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

　　36 What determines your weight?

　　A Your working manner.

　　B Your eating habit,

　　C Your life style.

　　D Your genes.

　　37 What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?

　　A He let them skip supper.

　　B He let them skip breakfast.

　　C He let them run every morning and evening.

　　D He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.

　　38 What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

　　A They went mad.

　　B They killed themselves.

　　C They were back to normal weight.

　　D They attempted suicide.

　　39 Ethan Sims made his subjects

　　A battle their genetic inheritance.

　　B increase their weight.

　　C suffer from hunger.

　　D lower their weight.

　　40 What did scientists think was true?

　　A Each person has a fixed weight range.

　　B Each person has a weight range of 9kg.

　　C Each person wants to control his or her weight.

　　D Each person wants to eat to his or her heart's content.

　　答案：36. D 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A

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