More about Alzheimer's Disease

　　Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease1 and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

　　' The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

　　“ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages2，” said Patricia Grady，acting director3 of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. ”

　　Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause4 of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone5. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.6 There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

　　Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer' s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that7 Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

　　The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation8. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.

　　One test developed by researches calls for9 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

　　A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.10

　　詞匯：

　　neurological /inju9r9'lDd3ik9l/ adj.神經病 學的

　　dementia /di丨menjis/ n.癡呆 deterioration /d^tiom'reijan/ n.惡化，退化 devastating /'devosteitiB/ adj.破壞‘性極大的，毀滅性的 defect /'diifekt，di'fekt / n.缺損，毛病 physiological / 丨fizio 丨lt)d3ikal/ adj.生理的; 生理學的 potassium /ps'taesiom/ n.鐘

　　formation /fo: 'meijsn/ n.形成，組成

　　calcium /'kaelsism/ n.考丐

　　microscopic / 丨maikrs丨skDpik / adj.極小的，微小的 signature /'signitj9(r) / n. i只另!J標志;署名，　簽名，簽字 validity /vs'lidsti/ n.效力，有效(性)

　　練習：

　　1.The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to

　　A cure those with Alzheimer's disease.

　　B discover the cause of Alzheimer's disease.

　　C predict who might get Alzheimer's disease.

　　D find the consequences of Alzheimer's disease.

　　2.The passage indicates that Alzheimer's is a disease

　　A common to people，old and young.

　　B not costly to be cured.

　　C easy to be handled.

　　D not easy to be diagnosed.

　　3.Which of the following statements about the Alzheimer's disease is NOT true?

　　A It was so named because Alois Alzheimer first described it.

　　B It is the greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people.

　　C It can gradually destroy memory and eventually cause death.

　　D There are many ways to deal with and cure the disease now.

　　4.What is the relationship between Alzheimer's and dementia?

　　A Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer's.

　　B Alzheimer's is one of the causes of dementia.

　　C They are two completely different diseases.

　　D They are similar defects of the human brain.

　　5. The last paragraph implies that the diagnostic test

　　A will not be as promising as others.

　　B is a very important development.

　　C may not be proven valid smoothly.

　　D will surely be disappointing in the end.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C 第一段中談到試驗的最終目的在于 ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder,所以只有 C 項符合題意。

　　2.D根據文章第二段我們可以推斷。 ‘

　　3.D與該題有關的內容在第三段和第四段，選項D與原文There is currently no known treatment for the disease 正好相反。

　　4.A 第五段中談至U了二者的關系，Alzheimer's results from physiological changes...，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes. ?.,也就是說，dementia 是 Alzheimer's 的表現之一。?

　　5. C最后一段發言人談到這一試驗的前途時較為含蓄，只說如能證明有效自然是一大發展， 但提醒人們以前的試驗看上去也很有前途，結果卻令人失望，據此，只有C項符合這一段的 蘊涵意義。