The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation.

　　美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制主要是一種私有制。在這一體制下，消費(fèi)者、生產(chǎn)者和政府通過(guò)價(jià)格體系，每天都會(huì)做出經(jīng)濟(jì)決策。這三方的互動(dòng)行使著經(jīng)濟(jì)職能。然而，市場(chǎng)的主要力量是生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者之間的相互作用，“市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)”之名也正是由此而來(lái)。

　　As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.

　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)，消費(fèi)者追求的是消費(fèi)后所獲價(jià)值的最大化，而生產(chǎn)者則是追求其所售物品的最理想價(jià)格和最大利潤(rùn)。而中央政府、州政府和地方政府則是希望促進(jìn)公共安全，保證正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以及提供各項(xiàng)服務(wù)。人們一般會(huì)認(rèn)為這些服務(wù)由政府執(zhí)行會(huì)比由私人企業(yè)執(zhí)行效果好。

　　Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.

　　總體而言，企業(yè)分為三類(lèi)：個(gè)體私營(yíng)企業(yè)、合資企業(yè)和股份公司。前兩者很重要，但只有最后一種能夠最大程度地將眾多投資人的投資集合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行大規(guī)模融資。而這些投資人作為股東，可以在公開(kāi)的市場(chǎng)上買(mǎi)賣(mài)他們的企業(yè)份額。股份公司制使得大型企業(yè)成為可能。

　　解析

　　本次翻譯仍是考查經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)話(huà)題。對(duì)于此類(lèi)話(huà)題的一些固定詞匯，大家在平時(shí)要做好積累。文章第一段論述美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。這一段中要注意的是system這一單詞的翻譯。economic system 含義較廣，我們可以將之翻譯為經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，而price system則是位于經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下的內(nèi)容，因此可以譯為價(jià)格體系。

　　第二段論述經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)節(jié)中的三方面：生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者和政府各自的目的。本段需要注意的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯: “and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.” 此句由于過(guò)長(zhǎng)，很難和主句合并為一句話(huà)，可以拆分為兩個(gè)句子進(jìn)行翻譯。

　　第三段將企業(yè)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，并重點(diǎn)論述股份公司這種模式在大規(guī)模融資上的優(yōu)勢(shì)。這一段需要注意的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯: “the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market”.由于很難和主句融為一句，我們也是需要運(yùn)用拆句法進(jìn)行翻譯。