2022年下半年成人英語三級模擬試題3

Where do pesticides(殺蟲劑)fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?

We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs," says a wise physician, Dr.Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."

1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man, ... is part of nature."(Line 3,Para.1)?

A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.

B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.

答案：B。詞匯題。答題關鍵在于正確理解"like to pretend the contrary"幾個詞的含義，這幾個詞字面原意為：喜歡假裝相反。把它與原句結合起來看，這一句的意思是：人類，盡管常常表現得恰好相反，卻是自然的一部分。據此句意來套四個選擇項，就可看出B)(人類表現得好像他不屬于自然)是正確答案。

2. What is the author's attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?

A. Pessimistic.

B. Indifferent.

C. Defensive.

D. Concerned.

答案：D。觀點題。本文就作者對殺蟲劑的環境后果的態度提問。縱觀全文可知，作者在文中一一描述了殺蟲劑明顯和潛在的兩方面危險，提醒人們重視其緩慢的長期效應，可見作者對這一問題是“關切的”D)項)，而非是“漠不關心的”B)項)。同時，作者在文中并未悲天憫人，認為殺蟲劑的危害已不可救藥，所以A)項“悲觀的”也不符合題意。而C)項“防御性的”，在文中并無根據，因為在文中作者并未提出該怎樣解決殺蟲劑的環境后果問題，因此只有D)是最符合題意的正確答案。

3. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.

A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

D. is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming

答案：A。推斷題。本題的答案主要見于第二段。從"But this is not the major problem".(但這并不是主要問題)及"..., we must be more concerned with the delayed effects...，(我們必須更關切由于小劑量地吸收無形中污染了我們世界的殺蟲劑而造成的延遲的后果)”我們可從中推斷出作者認為“由于大劑量吸入殺蟲劑而突然致死”還不是最糟糕的情況，故A)是正確的。而B)、C)、D)項的內容在文中均未提及，所以無法判斷是否是作者的觀點，因而不能入選正確答案。

4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because _____.

A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health

B. the present is more important for them than the future

C. the danger does not become apparent immediately

D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

答案：C。推斷題。本題可用篩選法，一一排除錯誤答案。人們容易忽視吸入有毒化學物質所帶來的延遲后果，到底是因為什么呢?先看A)：有限的吸收不會給人類健康帶來危害。根據第三段內容可知，有毒化學物質的生物效果是累積的，而且累積越多，危險越大，因此，即使是有限的吸收，也會有潛伏的危險，可見A)項內容錯誤。同樣D)項“人類能經受住小劑量有毒物質危害”顯然也不對。再看B)：現在比將來重要。根據最后一段第三句，人類的本性是會忽略將來的危險的，但這并不等于說現在就更重要，所以B)項也沒有正確解釋本題中的原因。只有C)項“危險并沒有立刻顯示出來”，符合原文意旨，特別是最后一句的句意，所以C)是正確答案。

5. It can be concluded from Dr.Dubos'remarks that _____.

A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure

D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

答案：D。推斷題。本題關鍵在于正確理解Dr.Dubos的評論。原句意為：人類很自然地最容易對那些具有征兆的疾病印象深刻，然而有些最致命的疾病卻是慢慢地毫無察覺地擊中他們的。據此句意，可以容易地推斷出D)為正確答案。

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work."

The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers‘rights.

6.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _____.

A. complain personally to the manager

B. threaten to take the matter to court

C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

答案：D

解析：答案D.本題答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：當顧客發現他(她)所買的商品有毛病或在其他方面未達到制造商所聲稱的標準時，第一步就是將保單或其他有助于解決問題的記錄這家商店看。所以D“向這家商店出示書面證明”，與原文相符，是正確答案。而A“當面向經理申訴”，是在第一步中問題得不到解決時才使用，所以它不是此題答案。B“威脅將此事向法庭上訴”是在經理未能解決問題，寫信給廠家也未能解決問題時才使用的方法，所以它也不是解決問題的第一步。C“給商店寫一封態度強硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中問題得不到解決時才使用的。所以A、B、C均不是正確答案。

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