2020年成人英語三級考試備考技巧之詞匯試題及答題策略

詞匯是聽、說、讀、寫等語言技能的基礎和根本，在考試中，對詞匯的測試實際貫穿在聽力、詞匯、閱讀、綜合填空和寫作等各個項目中。實踐證明，沒有足夠的詞匯作基礎，聽說讀寫譯等技能就無從談起。詞匯量的大小與詞匯運用能力的高低必然會直接影響到其他各個部分的得分，從而會影響整個答題效果。

從各類考試的分析來看，詞匯題主要測試詞義和搭配兩大內容。詞義方面主要測試詞類相同而詞義不同的詞、詞形相似而詞義不同的詞、同義詞、近義詞、派生詞、易混詞等;搭配方面主要測試介詞與其他詞類固定搭配與使用的能力，如名詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與介詞的搭配、形容詞與介詞的搭配等。下面對這些重點進行詳細講解。

1)詞類相同詞義不同的詞或詞組，用以測試考生認詞的能力，只要熟悉詞義，根據句意即可選擇。如：

① Since the matter was extremely _______, we dealt with it immediately.

A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant

答案是C)。

② The manager spoke highly of such ________ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.

A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics

答案是A)。

2)多義詞、同義詞、近義詞、近形詞。這幾類詞測試考生的辨詞能力，占的比例較大。英語中不少單詞是多義詞。有的學生只知道某個單詞的某種意義，卻不知道它的其他意義和在特定上下文中引申意義;同義、近義詞概念雖相同、相近，但含義和用法上仍存在差別;近形詞，形似義異，具有迷惑性，選擇時要注意區分各詞之間的細微不同處，要從使用場合、搭配結構和語義關系上分析，最后作出判斷。如

① Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still ____.

A) bare B) vacant C) blank D) hollow

答案是A)

② _______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.

A) Unlike B) Liking C) Alike D) Dislike

答案是A)

③ It took several months to ________ the wild horse.

A) tend B) cultivate C) average D) regular

④ Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ________sickness.

A) normal B) ordinary C) average D) regular

答案是B)。

3)短語動詞，即動詞+小品詞(介詞或副詞)。這類詞在語法上都起動詞作用，句中作謂語;在語義上不是意義的疊加而是賦有新義。

① Our son doesn‘t know what to _______ at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.

A) take over B) take after C) take in D) take up

答：答案是D)。

② One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.

A) came across B) came about C) come after D) came at

答案是A)。

4)固定搭配，包括名詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與形容詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配等等。這些搭配紛繁復雜、千變萬化，是產生詞匯錯誤的主要原因，因此，考生平時須多讀多看，增強語感，逐步積累，牢牢記住。如：

① Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on _________ for two months.

A) pile B) segment C) sequence D) file

答案是D)。

② He hoped the firm would ________ him to the Paris branch.

A) exchange B) transmit C) transfer D) remove

答案是C)。

③ The ratio of the work done by the machine _________ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.

A) against B) with C) to D) for

答案是C)。

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