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成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試?？荚~匯總結(jié)七

語(yǔ)法

一、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

近幾年的語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起來(lái)分析一下：

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查特點(diǎn)

1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷

對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如： 11

All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been canceled B. have been canceled

C. were canceled D. having been canceled

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只有D是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只要同學(xué)們能判斷出這里是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)，則不用考慮時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)題，答案自明。

2) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是三級(jí)語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題眼。如：

① I don‘t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got

in.

A. to close B. closing

C. to have closed D. having closed

③ Your hair wants ______ . You‘d better have it done tomorrow.

A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut

這類題涉及三個(gè)方面：

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞?

即可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上有何差別?

不定式與動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式還是用被動(dòng)形式?

3) 做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇

從近幾年的考查情況來(lái)看，對(duì)做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：

(1)對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)。如：

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city‘s

telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

A. accomplished B. being accomplished

C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and

self-restraint as if I were the one ______.

A. to correct B. correcting

C. having been corrected D. being corrected

同學(xué)們只要掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的一般的規(guī)律,就可以判斷①題答案為C，②題答案為D。

(2)對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如：

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his

arguments in favor of the new theory.

A. to be based on B. to base on

C. which to base on D. on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it

also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A. to compete B. competing

C. to be competed D. having competed

①題為不定式做定語(yǔ)的固定形式，答案為D，②題為某些特定名詞的定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為A。在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的名詞，形容詞變來(lái)的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語(yǔ)，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。

4) 做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇

做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：

① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would

fall off the edge of the earth.

A. Having believed B. Believing

C. Believed D. Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at

least a master‘s degree.

A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn‘t enough money and ____ to borrow from

his father, he decided to sell his watch.

A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not

④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific

circles.

A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed

從以上各題來(lái)看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：

(1)狀語(yǔ)類別的判斷

不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語(yǔ)要求用不定式，如②。

(2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系

根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來(lái)確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞。

(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式

not否定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，如③。

(4) 獨(dú)立成分

有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語(yǔ)關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如:

generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

5) 做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇

做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如：

① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in

the office tomorrow.

A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed

② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory

dispute ______.

A. being settled B. to be settled

C. had settled D. as settled

③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised B. advertised

C. advertise D. advertising

④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.

A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering

⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and

started dealing with another shop.

A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating

⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.

A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated

考查涉及到

感官動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如③。

have, make, let, leave等特殊單詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

regard類后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

with獨(dú)立分句后面的

常用動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

6) 做表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇

表語(yǔ)的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語(yǔ)形式的選擇，很少有動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項(xiàng)中有不定式作為干擾項(xiàng)，只要能看出是做表語(yǔ)的也就不用考慮。如：

① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the12

mountain.

A. isolated B. isolating

C. being isolated D. having been isolated

② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,

mainly because not all victims report them.

A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded

C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded

分詞做表語(yǔ)可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ)，也可以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。

7) to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇

to可以是介詞，也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)不定式，三級(jí)考試中對(duì)種類用法的考查也比較多。如：

① I have no objection _______ your story again.

A. to hear B. to hearing

C. to having heard D. to have heard

② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break

down into smaller, more easily managed problems.

A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal

③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company. (1997.6)

A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told

這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)to do something 和 to doing something，這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性質(zhì);另一種是to在題干中，如③。

8) 分詞前連詞的使用

分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明了，使考生更加準(zhǔn)確地理解試題?？疾橛袃煞N情況

(1)根據(jù)連詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆衷~形式

Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.

A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded

when的使用說(shuō)明非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，答案不可能是B，從scold與句子主語(yǔ)間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)看，應(yīng)該是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是D。

(2)根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)的功能選擇不同的連詞

Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent

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