2013年自考英語(二)課文譯文:休閑與引導(dǎo)

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　　休閑與引導(dǎo)

　　Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

　　觀察與研究結(jié)果顯示，生活在高度發(fā)達的工業(yè)社會中的人們越來越關(guān)心休閑的機會和休閑時做什么。這種關(guān)心體現(xiàn)在人們對帶工資休假的重視上和面向大眾的娛樂休閑業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展上。

　　The term "quality of life" is difficult to define. It covers a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.

　　“生活質(zhì)量”一語不好下定義，因為它的涵蓋面太廣，如生活環(huán)境、健康、職業(yè)、食物、家庭生活、友誼、教育、物質(zhì)財產(chǎn)、休閑和消遣等等。一般地說，生活質(zhì)量，特別是在個人看來，其意義是由在多大程度上這些不同的生活領(lǐng)域可以被個人享受或可以使個人滿意來衡量的。

　　As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time, leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.

　　休閑是在個人空閑時間進行的個人認(rèn)為適宜的活動，它有以下作用：放松、休閑和娛樂以及個人的自我發(fā)展。這些作用的重要程度是因個人工作的性質(zhì)和生活方式而異的。所以，工作中消耗體力的人覺得休閑的最佳方式是放松放松。那些受過高等教育、從事專門職業(yè)的人更傾向于休閑時消遣和自我發(fā)展(如培養(yǎng)技能和愛好)。

　　The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is

　　happening in one's environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people’s life experiences as portrayed in the programmes.

　　休閑時間的利用因人而異。即使同樣的休閑活動不同的人也有不同的玩法。故而，看電視這種普遍的休閑方式有以下幾種可能的用途：變換一下體驗來“逃脫”工作帶來的壓力和緊張情緒;了解一下自己周圍所發(fā)生的事情;通過電視節(jié)目了解別人的生活體會，為了解自身的情況提供機會。

　　In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life.

　　在城市社會中，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密、步調(diào)迅速、充滿壓力的工作籠罩著人們的生活，某種不同性質(zhì)的經(jīng)歷，不管是看電視還是看鳥，都能導(dǎo)致自我更新和一種“平衡”的生活方式。

　　Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

　　由于休閑基本上是自己決定的事，個人就可以培養(yǎng)自己的興趣和愛好，并以能為自己帶來享受和滿足的方式來從事某項活動。

　　Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

　　我們的喜惡、品味和偏愛使我們選擇去讀書、去看電影、去野營還是去來點文化求索的依據(jù)。好與不好、品味與偏愛都和社會環(huán)境和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。我們從家庭、學(xué)校、工作崗位和傳媒中獲得對許多事物的興趣。從根本上講，這些態(tài)度逐漸發(fā)展成一種認(rèn)識：休閑是生活的重要方面;同時也形成一種觀念;休閑能夠也應(yīng)該過得有意義。

　　Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.

　　從事娛樂業(yè)的專業(yè)工作者也發(fā)現(xiàn)，使公眾具有積極的態(tài)度對待休閑對促使他們以創(chuàng)造性的滿意方式利用閑暇時間十分必要。可以說，我們在各種各樣的場合下接觸的人，都有可能對形成我們的休閑態(tài)度、我們的興趣、甚至是我們利用休閑的技巧起到一定的影響。這種影響就是一種引導(dǎo)。

　　Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

　　父母、學(xué)校的教師、同事和通過或使用大眾傳播工具的傳播工作者都能激發(fā)我們潛在的興趣。例如，學(xué)校在多大程度上采用什么方式鼓勵學(xué)生參加游戲、體育和文娛活動，就可能對學(xué)生的休閑態(tài)度的形成有一定的作用。

　　Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

　　學(xué)校一般把教育的目標(biāo)定為實現(xiàn)一個人的全面發(fā)展。越是認(rèn)真地堅持這個目標(biāo)，就越是能夠促進學(xué)校的教學(xué)活動，也就越能鼓勵積極的休閑態(tài)度。

?2013年7月各省市自考成績查詢?nèi)肟趨R總