2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　動(dòng)詞主要時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一覽表

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 形式 意義

　　現(xiàn)在分詞

　　一 般 式 doing 主動(dòng)， 正在進(jìn)行

　　被 動(dòng) 式 being done 被動(dòng)， 正在進(jìn)行

　　完成主動(dòng)式 having done 主動(dòng)， 已經(jīng)完成

　　完成被動(dòng)式 having been done 被動(dòng)， 已經(jīng)完成

　　過(guò)去分詞 done 被動(dòng)， 已經(jīng)完成

　　動(dòng)詞不定式

　　一 般 式 to do 主動(dòng)，將要進(jìn)行

　　被 動(dòng) 式 to be done 被動(dòng)， 將要進(jìn)行

　　完成主動(dòng)式 to have done 主動(dòng)， 已經(jīng)完成

　　進(jìn)行主動(dòng)式 to be doing 主動(dòng)， 正在進(jìn)行

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)

　　?動(dòng)詞不定式：1)目的狀語(yǔ);2)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

　　e.g. I came here to meet you. (目的)

　　He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. (結(jié)果)

　　?分詞：1) 伴隨狀語(yǔ);2)原因狀語(yǔ);3)條件狀語(yǔ) 4)讓步狀語(yǔ);5)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　e.g. Walking along the street， he met his old friend. (時(shí)間)

　　Being very tired， my father didn‘t go out with us. (原因)

　　Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. (原因)

　　Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. (條件)

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，狀語(yǔ)從句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

　　? Having done their homework， the children began to play. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))

　　? After having done their homework， the children began to play. (連詞+分詞)

　　? After they had done their homework， the children began to play. (狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　? With homework done， the children began to play. (獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)

　　? If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ (make)。 (to be made)

　　? Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)

　　? The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)

　　? The pidge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)

　　動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式

　　? 作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

　　動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)表示一般、抽象的情況;動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作主語(yǔ)表示具體某次的情況。

　　e.g Rising early is good for health.

　　To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.

　　It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.

　　My biggest wish is to go apoad.

　　Seeing is believing.

　　? 作賓語(yǔ)

　　接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

　　admit， acknowledge， avoid， deny， consider， enjoy， escape，

　　excuse， forgive， finish， suggest， mind， include， involve， delay，

　　put off， postpone， feel like， look forward to， be used to， be

　　accustomed to， etc.

　　接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

　　want， tend， intend， pretend， hope， plan， expect， be supposed to，

　　seem， be likely to， used to， be willing to， desire， force， prefer， start， begin

　　接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有不同含義的動(dòng)詞：

　　? forget， remember， regret

　　? stop， continue

　　? need/ want

　　? allow doing/ allow sb to do

　　1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?

　　Sorry， I forgot to lock the door.

　　2) I can‘t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?

　　3)The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.

　　4)We don‘t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.

　　歷年考題中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance. (doing)

　　2. Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (wanting)

　　3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ (control) his direction. (to control)

　　4. As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals ___ (use) in experiments may decrease. (used)

　　5. A life ___ (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. (lived)

　　6. This poem， if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese， will make no sense. (translated)

　　7. They may have their passports _____ (remove)， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. (removed)

　　8. Her body， with hands and feet ____ (bind)， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. (bound)

　　3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　第一大類：非真實(shí)條件下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　時(shí)間 從句 主句

　　與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did/ were should/could/would + do

　　與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had done should/could/would + have done

　　與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 were to do should/could/would + do should do

　　第二大類：從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　? would rather + 從句

　　? wish + 從句

　　? if only + 從句

　　? as if/ as though + 從句

　　? It‘s time + 從句

　　第三大類：從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中should可省略。

　　? suggest， propose， advise， move(動(dòng)議)， ask， order， require， request， desire， insist， prefer 等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句;

　　? suggestion， proposal， advice， motion， order， requirement， request， desire， preference等名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句;

　　3. important， necessary， essential， imperative， desirable， advisable， preferable 等形容詞用在it is … that…句型中;

　　4. lest， in case， for fear that 等引導(dǎo)的從句中。

　　歷年考題中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　? If it hadn‘t been for your help， we ___ (be) in real trouble. (would have been)

　　? He would have given you more help， if he ___ (not be) so busy. (had not been)

　　? It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. (took)

　　? It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st. (should finish/ finish)

　　4. 定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句

　　定語(yǔ)從句：限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

　　1)關(guān)系代詞(在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))：which， that， who， whom， whose

　　2)關(guān)系副詞(在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ))：when， where， why， how

　　名詞性從句

　　名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：

　　1)主從連詞(不在從句中作任何成分)：that， whether， if

　　2)連接代詞(在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))：what， which， who， whom， whose， whatever， whoever…

　　3)連接副詞(在從句中作狀語(yǔ))：when， where， why， how

　　? 定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

　　? The story (that) he told me may not be true.

　　? The story that he has made a fortune may not be true.

　　2. 什么時(shí)候用介詞+which 的形式?

　　? The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.

　　? The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.

　　3. which 和 as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　? He is easy to get angry， which is well known.

　　? He is easy to get angry， as everybody knows.

　　歷年考題中的定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句

　　1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.

　　[A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that 　A

　　2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.

　　[A] that [B] if [C] when [D] whether 　A

　　3. Very few people understood this contract， ___ was very obscure.

　　[A] the language [B] the language of which　 B

　　[C] all it said [D] which it had said

　　備考要訣

　　? 重視課文，英語(yǔ)一考上冊(cè)，英語(yǔ)二以下冊(cè)A課文為主，但是上冊(cè)課文的語(yǔ)法和詞匯是學(xué)習(xí)下冊(cè)的基礎(chǔ)。

　　? 吃透重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、比較級(jí)、定語(yǔ)從句，等。

　　? 背單詞要講究技巧，以大綱詞匯為準(zhǔn)，不要孤立地背單詞，以詞組為主，重視搭配;

　　? 加強(qiáng)閱讀，選擇難度適當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x材料，重在訓(xùn)練閱讀技巧，提高速度和效率。

　　推薦材料：

　　1)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程》(上下冊(cè))，高遠(yuǎn)主編，高教出版社。

　　2)《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程――自學(xué)與自測(cè)指導(dǎo)》(上下冊(cè))，高遠(yuǎn)主編，北航出版社。

　　3)自考大綱

　　4)全國(guó)高等自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)(一)和英語(yǔ)(二)模擬試卷與應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)》高遠(yuǎn)主編，高等教育出版社。

　　結(jié)束語(yǔ)

　　Before God we are equally wise―equally foolish. (Albert Einstein)

　　I. 每道題的考點(diǎn)

?自學(xué)考試公共英語(yǔ)(二)課程不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表

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