成人高考高起點英語語法歸納與練習（四）
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lesson 19 ――ed分詞(一)
內 容 提 要
-ED分詞即我們平常所說的動詞過去分詞。它有兩種形式：規則動詞形式和不規則動詞形式。規則動詞形式由規則動詞+-ED構成;不規則動詞有其特殊的-ED分詞。在語法功能上，它在句子中所能承擔的成分基本與-ING分詞相同，可以作表語，定語，狀語，也可以用在復合結構中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含義是“被動”的。-ED分詞在語法功能和意義上與-ING分詞有一定的區別。
第一節 -ED分詞的用法
一、-ED分詞作表語轉自環 球 網 校edu24ol.com
The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
已經形容詞化了的-ED分詞大都作表語，常見的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。
二、作定語的-ED分詞
-ED分詞可以作前置定語也可以作后置定語，作后置定語時相當于一個定語從句
1) Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
[A] earn
[B] earned
[C] to earn
[D] was earned
2) On his return from his college， he found the house .
[A] deserting
[B] deserted
[C] desert
[D] to be deserted
3) The age
[A] of a geological sample can be estimated
[B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present
[C] in the object is examined
[D] .
三、用作狀語的-ED分詞
這樣的-ED分詞通常來自及物動詞。-ED分詞用作狀語時，跟-ING分詞作狀語時一樣，修飾主句的謂語動詞，意義上相當于狀語從句，表示時間，條件，原因，伴隨狀況等。-ED分詞結構作狀語，前邊往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.這時，我們可以把-ED分詞結構理解為一個省略句，即省去了“主語和be的變化形式”。一般說來，這種結構的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。轉自環 球 網 校edu24ol.com
1. 表示時間
4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.
[A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
[B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
[C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
[D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
2. 表示條件
5) under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
[A] Seen
[B] Sees
[C] Seeing
[D] To see
6) to steel，chromium(鉻) increases the metal's hardness.
[A] Added
[B] In addition
[C] Adding
[D] Adds
7) enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.
[A] Being given
[B] Given
[C] Give
[D] To give3. 表示原因
8) Encouraged by his mother， .
[A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
[C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
9) by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
[A] Angering
[B] Having angered
[C] Being angry
[D] Angered
10) Written in great haste， .
[A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report
[B] there are plenty of errors in the report
[C] we found several mistakes in his report
[D] the books is full of errors.
4. 表示伴隨狀況：-ED分詞結構作狀語表示伴隨狀況時，沒有適當的分句可替換
11) was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.
[A] Settling Brooklyn，the Dutch
[B] The Dutch settled Brooklyn
[C] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch
[D] Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn
12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， completely to the outside world.
[A] being lost
[B] having lost
[C] losing
[D] lost5. 表示讓步
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