代詞(一)

　　人稱代詞

　　一、主格人稱代詞有I， we， you， he， she， they， it，主格人稱代詞就是在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的代詞

　　二、賓格人稱代詞有me， us， you， him， her， them， it，賓格人稱代詞即在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)(含介詞賓語(yǔ))的代詞

　　三、同步練習(xí)

　　1) Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.

　　2) Legends often contain an element [A] of fact， but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.

　　3) Unlike [A] road vehicles， Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.

　　4) Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.

　　5) Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton， but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces， hands [D] ， and shoulders?

　　四、例題解析轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　1) C錯(cuò)。him是賓格，而此處卻需要作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞，故應(yīng)將him改為主格he.

　　2) C錯(cuò)。 改為they are.C處代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。

　　3) D錯(cuò)。them也是賓格，應(yīng)改用主格they，作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)為travel.

　　4) A錯(cuò)。 改為me.

　　5) A錯(cuò)。改為賓格us，因?yàn)榍懊媸墙樵~of，us作其賓語(yǔ)，故用賓格。

　　物主代詞

　　一、表示人的物主代詞用my， our， your， his， her和their，指無(wú)生命的東西用its(但指國(guó)家時(shí)一般用she或her)，它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)

　　二、名詞型物主代詞能作表語(yǔ)(It's theirs)、主語(yǔ)(Mine is there)、賓語(yǔ)(I don't like hers)，與of連用可以作定語(yǔ)(the food of theirs)。

　　三、同步練習(xí)

　　1) A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.

　　2) Crude rubber is an [A] elastic(有彈性的) solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率) of 1.591， though it [B] composition varies with different latexes(橡漿) as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.

　　3) Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.

　　四、例題解析

　　1) A錯(cuò)。 改為his.

　　2) B錯(cuò)。 改為its.

　　3) D錯(cuò)。 改為their.

　　代詞(二)

　　反身代詞

　　一、反身代詞有myself， ourselves， yourselves， himself， herself， themselves， itself.主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)為同一人或物時(shí)，要用反身代詞(否則就不能用反身代詞)，反身代詞也可放在名詞或代詞(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用

　　1) All [A] the scouts(童子軍) got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.

　　2) Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.

　　3) Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.

　　4) The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.

　　5) Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland， Ohio， the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.

　　6) Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration， the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.

　　7) When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister， he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .

　　二、例題解析

　　1) B錯(cuò)。 改為themselves.

　　2) B錯(cuò)。B處明顯指代animals，而它前面的主語(yǔ)that卻指代shells，也就是說(shuō)“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)不是同一物，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改為賓格them.

　　3) C錯(cuò)。本句的主語(yǔ)為aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker(在這里它作aptitude的定語(yǔ))，而C處的代詞卻指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)并非指同一人，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改用賓格him.

　　4) D錯(cuò)。 改為to him.動(dòng)詞“presented”的(邏輯)主語(yǔ)是“evidence”，而不是A處的“he，”所以D“himself”處與C處“presented”的主語(yǔ)“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代詞。

　　5) B錯(cuò)。 改為him.同上。

　　6) A錯(cuò)。此處的them指主語(yǔ)plants，rid是及物動(dòng)詞，由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)指同一物，故應(yīng)使用反身代詞themselves.

　　7) D錯(cuò)。 改為for himself.

　　代詞(三)

　　不定代詞

　　一、“every”(每一個(gè))只作為定語(yǔ)使用，即必須在其后加上單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)，它不可與everyone(每一個(gè))混淆。 everyone相當(dāng)于名詞，它不可修飾其他名詞，只作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

　　1) Every [A] knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated， but how many [B] realize that they were once [C] homes for the indigent and the friendless [D] ?

　　2) Everyone [A] child in the United States must [B] receive [C] some form of educational instruction [D] .

　　例題解析

　　1) A錯(cuò)。every不可單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，應(yīng)在其后加上person或改為everyone.

　　2) A錯(cuò)。改為Every，修飾child.

　　二、“much”和“many”分別修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞，可作為代詞(如much of)和形容詞使用

　　3) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.

　　4) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments， much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their budgets from [D] it.

　　5) Data received from [A] two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B] that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C] around the equator [D] of the planet Saturn.

　　例題解析

　　3) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為of many，因?yàn)楸恍揎椩~cultures為可數(shù)名詞，故其修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)用many，而much要修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

　　4) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改用many，因此處所指代的是可數(shù)名詞governments(復(fù)數(shù))，many在本句中為代詞，作非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。

　　5) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為much evidence，因?yàn)閑vidence(證據(jù)，跡象)為不可數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)用much來(lái)修飾。

　　三、 “some”和“any”是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“一些”，作定語(yǔ)可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其中some(包括它的合成詞something，someone， somebody)多用于肯定句，而any(包括它的合成詞anything， anyone， anybody)則用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，其中any在否定句中相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“任何”;形容詞修飾something， someone， somebody， anything， anyone， anybody， nothing， nobody時(shí)，形容詞要放在這些詞的后邊

　　6) Historians [A] have never reached some general [B] agreement about [C] the precise causes of the [D] Civil War in the United States.

　　例題解析

　　6) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)為any general，因?yàn)楸揪錇榉穸ň?否定副詞never)，應(yīng)該用any，此處表示“(沒(méi)有達(dá)成過(guò)) 任何共識(shí)”。

　　四、“another”和“other”分別表示“另外的一個(gè)”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思，可以用作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)，其中前者只用來(lái)修飾或指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，后者修飾單復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，二者不能相互混淆

　　7) Lizards lack [A] the built查n body temperature control [B] many another [C] creatures possess [D] .

　　8) Some bacterium are extremely [A] harmful， but anothers [B] are regularly [C] used in producing cheeses， crackers， and many other foods [D] .

　　9) Like [A] most another [B] art forms， the Greek tragedy had [C] its origins in religious [D] observances.

　　例題解析

　　7) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改用other來(lái)修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞creatures.本句是一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that(或which)的定語(yǔ)從句，control為名詞作主句中及物動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))lack的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又受其后面定語(yǔ)從句的修飾。

　　8) B錯(cuò)。 改為others.

　　9) B錯(cuò)。 改為other.

　　五、one與other “one”作為代詞代替前面提到的人或物，它前邊加the; “other”作代詞修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 “one…another”表示“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)”的意思，或表示多個(gè)(三者以上)之中的“另一個(gè)”，“又一個(gè)”; “one…the other”表示兩者之中剩下的“另一個(gè)，又一個(gè)”

　　10) I'd like to [A] buy a coat similar [B] to one [C] you are wearing [D] .

　　11) Though [A] Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight [B] vision in another [C] ， he became [D] an internationally renowned jazz musician.

　　例題解析

　　10) C錯(cuò)。改為to the one.

　　11) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)用the other，因?yàn)榇颂幈硎緝烧咧械牧硪粋€(gè)，Art Tatum為人的名字，他只有兩只眼睛，故提到“另一只”時(shí)應(yīng)用the other.

　　六、 “few”和“l(fā)ittle”兩者分別為“many”和“much”的反義詞，表示“少，很少”的意思，有否定含義，即等于“幾乎沒(méi)有”，如若表示肯定的含義，則應(yīng)在little和few前加不定冠詞“a”，即變?yōu)椤癮 few”和“a little”

　　12) Because they are generally [A] taken simply to obtain a recognizable [B] and relatively clear [C] image， most non拆refessional photographs demand few [D] equipment.

　　例題解析

　　12) D錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改用little，因?yàn)閑quipment為不可數(shù)名詞，故其修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)用little，few后面只接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

　　七、 “a great deal (of)” (大量)只作為限定語(yǔ)修飾不可數(shù)名詞或在句中指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

　　13) of gift茬iving， barter， buying and selling goes on among the Narvjos.

　　[A] A great deal [B] A great many [C] Much greater [D] Many

　　例題解析

　　13) A為正確答案。空白后為不可數(shù)名詞“gift茬iving， barter， buying”，“[B] A great amny”和“[D] Many”修飾可數(shù)名詞，而“[C] Much greater”本身是形容詞，空檔后不應(yīng)有“of”， 所以填“[A] A great deal of”。

　　八、“nothing but”表示“只不過(guò)，就是，只有”

　　He is nothing but a singer. 他只不過(guò)是個(gè)唱歌的。

　　Nothing but a miracle can save us. 只有奇跡才能救我們。

　　九、“anything but” 表示“根本不，并不”

　　She is anything but beautiful. 她并不美。

　　John is anything but a liar. 約翰決不是個(gè)騙子。

　　十、“something of” 表示“略有”

　　He has seen something of life. 他略有閱歷。

　　I'm something of a cook. 我略懂烹飪。

　　(試比較)

　　He is not much of a scholar. 他算不上個(gè)很好(高明)的學(xué)者。

　　十一、“none other than”表示“就是”

　　The new arrival was none other than the President. 剛到的那人就是總統(tǒng)本人。

　　我們要注意none other than 與 other than 的區(qū)別，后者表示“與……不同”

　　I do not wish him other than he is. 我不希望他改變現(xiàn)狀。

　　The truth is quite other than what we think. 事實(shí)與我們所想的不一樣。

　　十二、“none”有時(shí)可作副詞，表示“一點(diǎn)也不”

　　We did the work none too well. 我們活干得一點(diǎn)也不好。

　　十三、nowhere可用以成語(yǔ)：be nowhere一無(wú)所得，一事無(wú)成;get nowhere一事無(wú)成，nowhere near離……很遠(yuǎn)。

　　十四、有些不定代詞同時(shí)也是形容詞，或有其他的含義

　　He is all attention， and she is all eyes. 他十分留意，她也注意力集中。

　　Everybody who is anybody (somebody) at all will be at the dance.

　　[句中的“anybody(somebody)”在此當(dāng)“大人物，重要人物”講。]

?2011年全國(guó)成人高考考試大綱匯總

?環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2011年成人高考網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)熱招中!!!

更多信息請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)：成人高考頻道   成考高起點(diǎn)輔導(dǎo)   成人高考論壇