2010年成考專升本英文時態知識點匯總四
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I. 定義：定語是修飾名詞或代詞的成分,定語可由單詞、短語來充當。當用一個句子來充當名詞或代詞的修飾語時，這種起定語作用的句子就被稱為定語從句。
They have a clever son.轉自環 球 網 校edu24ol.com
Do you know the man over there?
I know the man who wrote the book.
II. 要點：
1. 定語從句的前面都有先行詞(被修飾語)
This is the boy whom we are looking for
2. 定語從句應緊跟在先行詞之后
3. 先行詞與定語從句之間要有關系詞(有時可省略)
4. 關系詞在定語從句中充當某一成分轉自環 球 網 校edu24ol.com
The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister.
The man whom you want to see has come.
III. 關系詞基本用法
|
主格 |
賓格 |
所有格 |
|
|
人 |
who |
whom |
whose |
|
物 |
which |
which |
of which |
但that 一般可用來代替who, whom, which,作賓格時可省略
Do you remember the teacher that/who taught us English?
A bookstore is a store that/which sells books.
The man (that/whom/who) you know is a famous professor.
A) that 不能用來替代who, whom, which的兩種情況
1)“介詞+whom/which”的結構中，不能用that
She is a good student from whom we should learn.
2) 在非限制性定語從句中，逗號后面不能用that
She sang a new song, which we like very much.
注意：非限制性定語從句的關系代詞不能省略
B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情況轉自環 球 網 校edu24ol.com
1) 先行詞為all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2) 先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾
This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.
3) 先行詞前有first, last, next, only, very, all, any等詞修飾
The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.
4) 先行詞同時含有“人”和“非人”時，用that 不用which，也不用who/whom
He talked about the people and the books that interested him.
C) 關系副詞when, where, why
用關系副詞when時，它的先行詞是表示時間的名詞，用where時先行詞是表示地點的名詞，而用why時它的先行詞只可能是reason，使用時應注意以下幾點：
1) 關系代詞的選擇主要是看先行詞在從句中所作的成分
This is the city where I was born.轉自環 球 網 校edu24ol.com
This is the city (which/that) he has visited
I don’t know the reason why she is late.
That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows
Do you still remember the day when he arrived?
Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?
2) 關系副詞when,where, why可由“介詞+which”的結構來替代
Is this the reason for which they came?
He left the day on which I came.
注意：how 不能用來引導定語從句
This is the way how he did it.
D) As 作關系代詞的用法
與the same, such連用轉自環 球 網 校edu24ol.com
This is the same book as I read last week.
Such books as I have read are classical works.
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